Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Campus Maracanã, 65000-000 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
LAMEFI - Laboratório de Medidas Físicas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2019 Feb;116:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.028. Epub 2018 Dec 22.
Amazonian plants possess high amounts of little-explored lipid compounds. Chemical parameters and lipophilic compounds present in twelve oils and fats from different Amazonian plants were characterized. The fatty acids identified reveal saturated fats, such as babassu oil and muru-muru fat (rich in lauric acid), ucuhuba fat (myristic acid), and bacuri fat (palmitic acid). Buriti, pracaxi, and patawa oils showed high oleic acid content. Passion fruit seed and Brazil nut oils had high levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acids rich in linoleic acid. The oleaginous plants had high unsaturation degree and high content of medium-length-chain fatty acids due to high values of iodine, saponification, and peroxide. For methyl tocols and total carotenes, a simultaneous determination method was used and revealed high levels of these vitamins in buriti oil. No previous work in the literature has described all these parameters in Amazonian oils and fats, especially regarding plant species such as bacuri, cupuassu, and ucuhuba. These results provide information on oils and fats that could be used as alternative sources of raw material for the food and pharmaceutics industries.
亚马逊地区的植物含有大量尚未被充分研究的脂质化合物。本文对来自 12 种不同亚马逊植物的油和脂肪的化学参数和脂溶性化合物进行了研究。鉴定出的脂肪酸包括饱和脂肪，如巴巴苏油和穆鲁穆鲁脂（富含月桂酸）、乌库布巴油（肉豆蔻酸）和巴西栗油（棕榈酸）。伯利兹果油、巴西棕榈油和帕塔瓦油则含有高油酸。西番莲籽油和巴西坚果油则富含亚油酸的多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。这些含油植物的碘值、皂化值和过氧化物值较高，具有较高的不饱和度和中链脂肪酸含量。对于甲基生育酚和总类胡萝卜素，本文采用了同时测定的方法，结果表明伯利兹果油中含有大量的这些维生素。目前的文献中尚无关于亚马逊地区油和脂肪的所有这些参数的描述，特别是关于巴西栗、可可果和乌库布巴等植物的描述。这些结果提供了有关油和脂肪的信息，这些油和脂肪可以作为食品和制药行业原材料的替代品。
