Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Nov;17(6):1132-42. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711001202. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
A growing body of literature has documented evidence for emotion labeling (EL) deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, long-term effects of TBI on EL abilities, particularly among young children, are unclear. We investigated EL abilities and socio-emotional outcomes in 32 children with moderate-severe TBI, 23 with complicated-mild TBI, and 82 children with orthopedic injuries (OI), shortly after injury and at 18 months post-injury. All children were between 3:0 and 6:11 years of age at the time of injury. Repeated measures analyses indicated that all groups showed improved EL performance between acute and 18-month assessments, but that the moderate-severe TBI group improved at a slower rate than the OI group, so that the two groups showed significantly different performance at 18 months. Emotion labeling ability did not significantly contribute to the prediction of socio-emotional outcomes after controlling for pre-injury functioning. These results provide preliminary evidence of emerging EL deficits after early childhood TBI that are related to injury severity but that do not predict social and behavioral outcomes.
越来越多的文献记录了创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后情绪标记（EL）缺陷的证据；然而，TBI 对 EL 能力的长期影响，特别是在幼儿中，尚不清楚。我们调查了 32 名中度至重度 TBI 儿童、23 名复杂轻度 TBI 儿童和 82 名骨科损伤（OI）儿童在受伤后不久和受伤后 18 个月的 EL 能力和社会情感结果。所有儿童在受伤时的年龄均为 3 至 6 岁 11 个月。重复测量分析表明，所有组在急性和 18 个月评估之间均表现出 EL 表现的改善，但中度至重度 TBI 组的改善速度比 OI 组慢，因此两组在 18 个月时表现出明显不同的表现。在控制受伤前功能后，情绪标记能力对社会情感结果的预测没有显著贡献。这些结果初步证明了幼儿 TBI 后出现的与损伤严重程度相关的 EL 缺陷，但不能预测社交和行为结果。
