Nutrition Unit, Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011 Dec;22(8):827-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01202.x. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
Fatty acids (FA) modulate the immune system, and it has been proposed that they affect the incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. We explored the association of maternal dietary FA composition during pregnancy with the risk of asthma in the offspring.
We analyzed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy (8th month) was assessed by a validated 181-item food frequency questionnaire. The occurrence of asthma was assessed at the age of 5 yr with a questionnaire modified from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses.
Low maternal intakes of α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) [lowest quarter vs. mid-half HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.12-2.48)] and total n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.11-2.48)] during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring, while a low intake of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) [HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.32-0.84)] and high intake of total saturated fatty acids [highest quarter vs. mid-half HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.34-0.90)] and palmitic acid (16:0) [HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.31-0.83)] were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. The ratios of n-6 to n-3-PUFA and 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-3, and the maternal intake of oils, fish and fish products, showed no association with the risk of asthma. The associations found were independent of several perinatal and clinical confounders.
Maternal intake of FA during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma. Maternal α-linolenic acid, total n-3 PUFA and palmitic acid intake may decrease, while arachidonic acid intake may increase the risk of asthma in the offspring.
脂肪酸（FA）可调节免疫系统，有人提出它们会影响 IgE 介导的过敏性疾病的发病率。我们探讨了妊娠期间母体饮食 FA 组成与后代哮喘发病风险的关系。
我们分析了芬兰 1 型糖尿病预测和预防（DIPP）营养研究的数据。妊娠 8 月时通过经验证的 181 项食物频率问卷评估母体饮食摄入。5 岁时使用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究（ISAAC）修改后的问卷评估哮喘发生情况。采用 Cox 比例风险回归进行统计分析。
妊娠期间母体 α-亚麻酸（18：3n-3）[最低四分位数与中四分位数 HR 1.67（95%CI 1.12-2.48）]和总 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）[HR 1.66（95%CI 1.11-2.48）]摄入量低与后代哮喘发病风险增加相关，而花生四烯酸（20：4n-6）[HR 0.52（95%CI 0.32-0.84）]摄入量低和总饱和脂肪酸[最高四分位数与中四分位数 HR 0.55（95%CI 0.34-0.90）]和棕榈酸（16：0）[HR 0.51（95%CI 0.31-0.83）]摄入量高与哮喘发病风险降低相关。n-6 与 n-3-PUFA 比值、18：2n-6 与 18：3n-3 比值以及母体油、鱼和鱼制品的摄入量与哮喘发病风险无关。所发现的关联独立于若干围产期和临床混杂因素。
妊娠期间 FA 摄入与儿童哮喘有关。母体 α-亚麻酸、总 n-3 PUFA 和棕榈酸摄入可能降低，而花生四烯酸摄入可能增加后代哮喘风险。
