Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Aug;106(3):441-50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511000328.
As recently described, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with improved asthma control. However, evidence of how specific nutrients such as fatty acids and antioxidants may affect this relationship remains largely unknown. We aimed to examine the association between dietary intake of fatty acids and antioxidants and asthma control. A cross-sectional study was developed in 174 asthmatics, mean age of 40 (SD 15) years. Dietary intake was obtained by a FFQ, and nutritional content was calculated using Food Processor Plus™ software (ESHA Research, Inc., Salem, OR, USA). Good asthma control was defined by the combination of forced expiratory volume during the first second, exhaled NO (eNO) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score (control: forced expiratory volume in the first second ≥80 %; eNO ≤35 ppb; ACQ <1·0, scale 0-6 score). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to analyse the associations between nutrients and asthma outcomes, adjusting for confounders. A high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio predicted high eNO, whereas high intakes of n-3 PUFA, a-linolenic acid (ALA) and SFA were associated with low eNO. Odds for controlled asthma improved along with an increased intake of n-3 PUFA (OR 0·14, 95% CI 0·04, 0·45; P for trend=0·001), SFA (OR 0·36, 95% CI 0·13, 0·97; P for trend=0·047) and ALA (OR 0·18, 95% CI 0·06, 0·58; P for trend=0·005). A high n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio increased the odds for uncontrolled asthma (OR 3·69, 95% CI 1·37, 9·94; P for trend=0·009), after adjusting for energy intake, sex, age, education and use of inhaled corticosteroids. Higher intakes of n-3 PUFA, ALA and SFA were associated with good asthma control, while the risk for uncontrolled asthma increased with a higher n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The present results introduce a protective effect of ALA in asthma control, independent of marine n-3 fatty acids, and provide a rationale to dietary intervention studies in asthma.
最近的研究表明，坚持地中海饮食与改善哮喘控制有关。然而，关于特定营养素（如脂肪酸和抗氧化剂）如何影响这种关系的证据仍然知之甚少。我们旨在研究饮食中脂肪酸和抗氧化剂的摄入量与哮喘控制之间的关系。在 174 名哮喘患者中开展了一项横断面研究，平均年龄为 40（SD 15）岁。通过 FFQ 获得饮食摄入量，使用 Food Processor Plus ™软件（ESHA Research，Inc.，Salem，OR，USA）计算营养成分。良好的哮喘控制定义为用力呼气量第一秒（FEV1）、呼气一氧化氮（eNO）和哮喘控制问卷（ACQ）评分的结合（控制：FEV1 大于或等于 80%；eNO 小于或等于 35 ppb；ACQ 小于或等于 1.0，0-6 分评分）。进行多元线性和逻辑回归模型分析，以调整混杂因素后营养素与哮喘结局之间的关系。高 n-6:n-3 PUFA 比值预示着高 eNO，而 n-3 PUFA、a-亚麻酸（ALA）和 SFA 的高摄入量与低 eNO 有关。随着 n-3 PUFA（比值比 0.14，95%置信区间 0.04 至 0.45；趋势检验 P=0.001）、SFA（比值比 0.36，95%置信区间 0.13 至 0.97；趋势检验 P=0.047）和 ALA（比值比 0.18，95%置信区间 0.06 至 0.58；趋势检验 P=0.005）摄入量的增加，控制哮喘的几率增加。高 n-6:n-3 PUFA 比值会增加未控制哮喘的几率（比值比 3.69，95%置信区间 1.37 至 9.94；趋势检验 P=0.009），这是在调整能量摄入、性别、年龄、教育和吸入皮质类固醇的使用后。n-3 PUFA、ALA 和 SFA 的摄入量较高与哮喘控制良好有关，而 n-6:n-3 PUFA 比值升高则会增加未控制哮喘的风险。本研究结果表明，ALA 在哮喘控制中具有保护作用，与海洋 n-3 脂肪酸无关，并为哮喘的饮食干预研究提供了依据。
