Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Epidemiol Rev. 2012;34(1):89-102. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxr018. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
A substantial proportion of injuries worldwide are attributable to alcohol consumption, and US estimates indicate that the drinking patterns of racial/ethnic groups vary considerably. The authors reviewed evidence from 19 publications regarding racial/ethnic differences in overall alcohol-attributable injury as well as percent blood alcohol content positivity for injury deaths in the United States. They found that Native Americans evidence higher rates of alcohol-attributable motor vehicle crash fatality, suicide, and falls compared with other racial/ethnic groups; conversely, Asians evidence lower rates of alcohol-attributable injury than other racial/ethnic groups. The rate of alcohol positivity and intoxication among Hispanics is disproportionately high relative to estimates of alcohol use. Black subgroups also evidence higher rates of alcohol positivity than would be expected given estimates of alcohol use, including for alcohol positivity among drivers of fatally injured black children and homicide. These findings highlight the continued need for public health focus on Native American populations with respect to alcohol consumption and injury. Further, the disparity in alcohol-attributable injury mortality among black and Hispanic groups relative to their reported rates of alcohol consumption is an overlooked area of research. The authors review potential social determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in alcohol-attributable injuries and identify directions for further research on these patterns.
全世界相当大比例的伤害可归因于酒精消费，美国的估计表明，不同种族/族裔群体的饮酒模式有很大差异。作者综述了 19 篇关于美国种族/族裔差异的总体酒精归因伤害以及伤害死亡的血液酒精含量阳性率的文献，发现与其他种族/族裔群体相比，美洲原住民的酒精归因于机动车碰撞死亡、自杀和跌倒的发生率较高；相反，亚洲人的酒精归因伤害率低于其他种族/族裔群体。西班牙裔的酒精阳性率和醉酒率相对较高，与酒精使用的估计值不成比例。黑人亚群体的酒精阳性率也高于根据酒精使用估计值所预期的水平，包括致命伤害的黑人儿童和凶杀案中司机的酒精阳性率。这些发现突出表明，需要继续关注美洲原住民的酒精消费和伤害问题。此外，黑人和西班牙裔群体的酒精归因伤害死亡率与其报告的酒精消费率之间的差异是一个被忽视的研究领域。作者综述了酒精归因伤害种族/族裔差异的潜在社会决定因素，并确定了进一步研究这些模式的方向。
