Injury Prevention Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 20;19(9):e0310270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310270. eCollection 2024.
To examine trends and potential disparities in North Carolina (NC) driving while impaired by alcohol (alcohol-DWI) license suspensions from 2007-2016. Specific objectives included: 1) examining personal (e.g., race/ethnicity) and contextual (e.g., residential segregation) characteristics of alcohol-DWI license suspensions by suspension duration; and 2) examining trends in annual suspension rates by race/ethnicity, sex, and duration.
We linked NC administrative licensing and county-level survey data from several sources from 2007-2016. Suspensions were categorized by duration: 1 to <4 years and 4 years or longer (proxies for initial and repeat suspensions, respectively). We calculated counts, percentages, and suspensions rates (per 1,000 person-years) with 95% confidence intervals, examined trends in annual suspension rates by race/ethnicity, sex, and suspension duration.
We identified 220,471 initial and 41,526 repeat license suspensions. Rates among males were three times that of females. 21-24-year-old (rates: 6.9 per 1,000 person-years for initial; 1.5 for repeat) and Black (4.1 for initial; 1.0 for repeat) individuals had the highest suspension rates. We observed decreases in annual initial and repeat suspension rates among males, but only in repeat suspensions for females during the study period. A substantial decrease in annual initial suspension rates was observed among Hispanic individuals relative to other racial/ethnic groups, while annual repeat suspension rates exhibited large decreases for most racial/ethnic groups. The highest overall suspension rates occurred in counties with higher proportions of the population without health insurance and with the highest levels of Black/White residential segregation.
Potential disparities by race/ethnicity and sex existed by alcohol-DWI license suspension duration (i.e., initial vs. repeat suspensions) in NC. Contextual characteristics associated with suspensions, including a high degree of residential segregation, may provide indications of underlying structures and mechanisms driving potential disparities in alcohol-DWI outcomes.
研究 2007 年至 2016 年期间北卡罗来纳州（NC）因酒后驾车（酒后驾车-DWI）吊销驾照的趋势和潜在差异。具体目标包括：1）检查个人（如种族/族裔）和背景（如居住隔离）特征与吊销期限的关系；2）按种族/族裔、性别和吊销期限检查年度吊销率的趋势。
我们从多个来源链接了 2007 年至 2016 年期间的 NC 行政许可和县级调查数据。吊销驾照的期限分为两类：1 至<4 年和 4 年或更长时间（分别代表初次和再次吊销驾照）。我们计算了每个时间段的吊销次数、百分比和吊销率（每 1000 人年）以及 95%置信区间，按种族/族裔、性别和吊销期限检查了年度吊销率的趋势。
我们确定了 220471 次初次吊销和 41526 次再次吊销。男性的吊销率是女性的三倍。21-24 岁（初次吊销率：6.9/1000 人年；再次吊销率：1.5/1000 人年）和黑人（初次吊销率：4.1/1000 人年；再次吊销率：1.0/1000 人年）的吊销率最高。在研究期间，我们观察到男性的年度初次和再次吊销率都有所下降，但女性仅在再次吊销率方面有所下降。与其他种族/族裔群体相比，西班牙裔的年度初次吊销率大幅下降，而大多数种族/族裔群体的年度再次吊销率则大幅下降。总体吊销率最高的是医疗保险覆盖率较低且黑人和白人居住隔离程度最高的县。
在北卡罗来纳州，因酒后驾车-DWI 吊销驾照的持续时间（即初次吊销与再次吊销），种族/族裔和性别存在潜在差异。与吊销相关的背景特征，包括居住隔离程度高，可能表明了潜在的酒精-DWI 结果差异背后的结构和机制。
