Yamasaki Tasciane, Duarte Ana M R C, Curado Izilda, Summa Maria E L, Neves Dafne V D A, Wunderlich Gerhard, Malafronte Rosely S
Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
J Med Primatol. 2011 Dec;40(6):392-400. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00498.x. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
In some states of the Brazilian extra-Amazonian region, such as the Atlantic Forest area, autochthonous human cases of malaria were related to simian malarias and vice versa.
To verify the presence of Plasmodium, 50 blood samples of howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) rescued from the Metropolitan Region of Saõ Paulo city, where the Atlantic Forest is present, were analyzed. The samples were submitted to microscopy (thin and thick blood smears), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Only one smear showed forms reminiscent of Plasmodium vivax. In ELISA, the frequencies of antibodies against synthetic peptides corresponding to circumsporozoite protein of P. vivax VK210 'classic' (Pvc), P. vivax VK247, human P. vivax-like (Pvk and Pvl), P. malariae/P. brasilianum (Pm), and P. falciparum (Pf) were 24.0% (12/50) for Pvc, 8.0% (04/50) for Pvk, 6.0% (03/50) for Pvl, 24.0% (12/50) for Pm, and 28.0% (14/50) for Pf, while the frequency of antibodies against PvMSP119 recombinant proteins was 42.0% (21/50). No serum reacted against PfMSP1-19. In IFA,the seropositivity of antibodies against asexual forms of P. malariae was 31.3% (15/48). We utilized three PCR protocols to develop a molecular consensus (positive results in, at least, two protocols). The frequency of Plasmodium infections detected by PCR was 18.0% (09/50) for P. vivax, 4.0% (02/50) for P. malariae, and 76.0% (38/50) of samples were negative. The molecular consensus was not seen in 4.0% (02/50) of samples.
These results suggest that a possible interaction between human and simian malaria coming from a zoonotic cycle cannot be discarded because simians that live in the areas of the Atlantic Forest could play a role as a reservoir for Plasmodium.
在巴西亚马孙河以外地区的一些州，如大西洋森林地区，人类本土疟疾病例与猴疟有关，反之亦然。
为了验证疟原虫的存在，对从圣保罗市大都市区救出的50份吼猴（Alouatta guariba clamitans）血液样本进行了分析，该地区有大西洋森林。样本进行了显微镜检查（薄血涂片和厚血涂片）、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）、间接免疫荧光测定（IFA）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）。
只有一张涂片显示出类似间日疟原虫的形态。在ELISA中，针对间日疟原虫VK210“经典”株（Pvc）、间日疟原虫VK247、人源间日疟原虫样（Pvk和Pvl）、三日疟原虫/巴西疟原虫（Pm）和恶性疟原虫（Pf）环子孢子蛋白合成肽的抗体频率分别为：Pvc为24.0%（12/50），Pvk为8.0%（4/50），Pvl为6.0%（3/50），Pm为24.0%（12/50），Pf为28.0%（14/50），而针对PvMSP119重组蛋白的抗体频率为42.0%（21/50）。没有血清与PfMSP1-19发生反应。在IFA中，针对三日疟原虫无性体的抗体血清阳性率为31.3%（15/48）。我们使用了三种PCR方案来达成分子共识（至少在两种方案中得到阳性结果）。通过PCR检测到的疟原虫感染频率为：间日疟原虫18.0%（9/50），三日疟原虫4.0%（2/50），76.0%（38/50）的样本为阴性。4.0%（2/50）的样本未出现分子共识。
这些结果表明，不能排除来自人畜共患病循环的人类疟疾与猴疟疾之间可能存在相互作用，因为生活在大西洋森林地区的猴类可能充当疟原虫的储存宿主。
