Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Molecular e Imunologia da malária, Instituto René Rachou/Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 May 13;11:678996. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.678996. eCollection 2021.
Human malaria due to zoonotic transmission has been recorded in the Atlantic Forest, an extra-Amazonian area in Brazil, which are a challenge for malaria control. Naturally acquired humoral immune response against pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic antigens of Neotropical primates (NP) was evaluated here to improve the knowledge about the exposure of those animals to the malaria transmission and support the identification of the potential reservoirs of the disease in the Atlantic Forest. Blood samples of 154 monkeys from three areas of the Atlantic Forest were used to identify IgG antibodies against peptides of the repeat region of the major pre-erythrocytic antigen, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), of (PvCSP), (Pb/PmCSP), and (PfCSP) by ELISA. Antibodies against erythrocytic recombinant antigens of , Apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA-1), Erythrocyte binding protein 2 (PvEBP-2) and domain II of Duffy binding protein (PvDBPII) were also evaluated. Parameters, such as age, sex, PCR positivity, and captivity, potentially associated with humoral immune response were analyzed. Eighty-five percent of NP had antibodies against at least one CSP peptide, and 76% against at least one erythrocytic antigen. A high percentage of adults compared to non-adults were seropositive and showed increased antibody levels. Neotropical primates with PCR positive for had a significantly higher frequency of positivity rate for immune response against PvEBP-2, PvDBPII and also higher antibody levels against PvDBPII, compared to PCR negative NPs for this species. Monkeys with PCR positive for showed higher frequency of seropositivity and antibody levels against Pb/PmCSP. Levels of antibodies against Pb/PmCSP, PvEBP-2 and PvDBPII were higher in free-living than in captive monkeys from the same area. All Platyrrhine families showed antibodies against CSP peptides, however not all showed IgG against erythrocytic antigens. These findings showed a high prevalence of naturally acquired antibodies against CSP repeats in all studied areas, suggesting an intense exposure to infected-mosquitoes bites of NP from all families. However, mainly monkeys of Atelidae family showed antibodies against erythrocytic antigens, suggesting blood infection, which might serve as potential reservoirs of malaria in the Atlantic Forest.
人类疟疾由于人畜共患传播已在大西洋森林（巴西的亚马逊河以外地区）中记录到，这对疟疾控制构成了挑战。 在这里评估了新热带灵长类动物（NP）的原虫期和红细胞期抗原的天然获得性体液免疫反应，以增进对这些动物暴露于疟疾传播的了解，并支持鉴定大西洋森林中疾病的潜在储主。 使用来自大西洋森林三个地区的 154 只猴子的血液样本，通过 ELISA 鉴定针对主要原虫期抗原重复区肽的 IgG 抗体，即环子孢子蛋白（CSP），（PvCSP），（Pb / PmCSP）和（PfCSP）。 还评估了针对红细胞重组抗原的抗体，即顶端膜抗原 1（PvAMA-1），红细胞结合蛋白 2（PvEBP-2）和 Duffy 结合蛋白的 II 结构域（PvDBPII）。 分析了可能与体液免疫反应相关的年龄，性别，PCR 阳性和圈养等参数。 85％的 NP 对至少一种 CSP 肽具有抗体，而 76％的 NP 对至少一种红细胞抗原具有抗体。 与非成年人相比，成年人的阳性率更高，抗体水平也更高。 与针对该物种的 PCR 阴性 NP 相比，PCR 阳性的新热带灵长类动物对 PvEBP-2，PvDBPII 的免疫反应阳性率更高，并且对 PvDBPII 的抗体水平也更高。 针对 Pb / PmCSP 的 PCR 阳性猴子的血清阳性率和抗体水平更高。 与来自同一地区的圈养猴子相比，自由生活的猴子的抗体水平更高，针对 Pb / PmCSP，PvEBP-2 和 PvDBPII。 所有 Platyrrhine 科都显示出针对 CSP 肽的抗体，但并非所有科都显示出针对红细胞抗原的 IgG。 这些发现表明，在所研究的所有地区，针对 CSP 重复序列的天然获得性抗体均具有较高的流行率，这表明所有科的 NP 都受到感染性蚊子叮咬的强烈暴露。 但是，主要是 Atelidae 科的猴子显示出针对 红细胞抗原的抗体，表明血液感染，这可能是大西洋森林中疟疾的潜在储主。
