家庭经历和 ADHD 在对立违抗障碍早期发展中的作用。
The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
出版信息
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011 Dec;79(6):784-95. doi: 10.1037/a0025672. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The present study examined the role of family experiences in the early development and maintenance of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in preschool-age children with behavior problems.
METHOD
Participants were 199 3-year-old children with behavior problems who took part in 4 annual child and family assessments.
RESULTS
Children with behavior problems who were exposed to overreactive parenting practices, maternal depression, marital conflict, and lower family income tended to have more ODD symptoms 3 years later. Moreover, initial changes in paternal overreactivity and changes in maternal depression corresponded to initial changes in ODD symptoms. Children who met criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder at 6 years of age were less likely to show improvement in ODD symptoms from 3 to 6 years of age, and they were more likely to have been exposed to negative parenting practices, marital conflict, and parental depression during the preschool years. Maternal depression and overreactivity mediated the relation between early hyperactivity and later ODD symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Results point to the importance of early family functioning in the development of ODD.
摘要
目的
本研究考察了家庭经历在幼儿期有行为问题的儿童对立违抗性障碍（ODD）症状的早期发展和维持中的作用。
方法
参与者为 199 名 3 岁有行为问题的儿童，他们参加了 4 次年度儿童和家庭评估。
结果
暴露于过度反应性养育实践、母亲抑郁、婚姻冲突和家庭收入较低的有行为问题的儿童，3 年后更有可能出现更多的 ODD 症状。此外，父亲过度反应的最初变化和母亲抑郁的变化与 ODD 症状的最初变化相对应。6 岁时符合注意缺陷多动障碍标准的儿童，从 3 岁到 6 岁时 ODD 症状改善的可能性较小，而且他们在幼儿期更有可能经历消极的养育实践、婚姻冲突和父母抑郁。母亲抑郁和过度反应性中介了早期多动与后期 ODD 症状之间的关系。
结论
结果表明，早期家庭功能在 ODD 的发展中很重要。
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