International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011 Sep;15(9):1140-8, i. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0170.
Policy transfer occurs regularly. In essence, a strategy developed elsewhere is taken up and applied in another policy context. Yet what precisely is policy transfer and, more importantly, under what conditions does it occur? This paper describes policy transfer and addresses three main questions, exploring what perspectives of policy transfer might contribute to operational research (OR) efforts. First, what facilitates the transfer of OR results into policy and practice? Second, what facilitates effective lesson-drawing about OR results and processes between and within countries? And third, what would increase the amount of OR being carried out by low- and middle-income countries and used to inform policy and practice at local and global levels? Mexico's adoption and adaptation of the DOTS strategy is used here as an example of policy transfer. Policy transfer is relevant to all countries, levels and arenas of people, institutions and organisations involved in health. With a more systematic analysis of learning and policy processes, OR policy and practice outcomes could be improved at all levels, from local to global. Policy transfer offers theory and concepts for analysing OR from a new perspective. The present paper proposes a model of the policy transfer process for qualitative research use. Comprehensive policy transfer research, given its length, complexity and need for qualitative researchers, should not be envisaged for all OR projects. All OR projects could, however, incorporate some concepts and practical tools inspired from this model. This should help to plan, evaluate and improve OR processes and the resulting changes in policy and practice.
政策转移经常发生。从本质上讲，其他地方制定的策略被采用并应用于另一种政策环境中。然而，政策转移的确切含义是什么，更重要的是，在什么条件下会发生政策转移？本文描述了政策转移，并回答了三个主要问题，探讨了政策转移的哪些视角可能有助于运营研究（OR）工作。首先，是什么促进了 OR 结果向政策和实践的转移？其次，是什么促进了国家之间和国家内部 OR 结果和过程的有效借鉴？第三，什么会增加中低收入国家开展的 OR 数量，并用于在地方和全球各级为政策和实践提供信息？本文以墨西哥采用和改编 DOTS 战略为例，说明了政策转移。政策转移与所有国家、各级以及参与卫生工作的人员、机构和组织有关。通过对学习和政策过程进行更系统的分析，可以在地方到全球的各个层面上改进 OR 政策和实践结果。政策转移为从新视角分析 OR 提供了理论和概念。本文提出了一个定性研究用政策转移过程模型。鉴于全面的政策转移研究的长度、复杂性以及对定性研究人员的需求，不应为所有 OR 项目设想这种研究。然而，所有 OR 项目都可以从中吸取一些概念和实用工具。这有助于规划、评估和改进 OR 过程以及政策和实践的相应变化。
