School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70507, USA.
Department of Health Promotion & Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Feb 15;19(4):2196. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042196.
Social agents associated with cheerleading environments are increasingly linked to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and eating disorders (ED). This study examined ED risk across team type, squad type, and position. An additional purpose determined BID in clothing type (daily clothing, midriff uniform, and full uniform), and meta-perceptions from the perspective of peers (MP peers), parents (MP parents), and coaches (MP coaches). Female cheerleaders ( = 268) completed an online survey which included demographics, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, and pathogenic behavior questions. Body image perceptions were assessed by using the Sex-Specific Figural Stimuli Silhouettes. Overall, 34.4% of cheerleaders ( = 268; mean age: 17.9 ± 2.7 years) exhibited an ED risk. Compared to All-Star cheerleaders, college cheerleaders demonstrated significant higher ED risk ( = 0.021), dieting subscale scores ( = 0.045), and laxative, diet pill, and diuretic use ( = 0.008). Co-ed teams compared to all-girl teams revealed higher means for the total EAT-26 ( = 0.018) and oral control subscale ( = 0.002). The BID in clothing type revealed that cheerleaders wanted to be the smallest in the midriff option ( < 0.0001, η2 = 0.332). The BID from meta-perception revealed that cheerleaders felt that their coaches wanted them to be the smallest ( < 0.001, η2 = 0.106). Cheerleaders are at risk for EDs and BID at any level. Regarding the midriff uniform, MP from the perspective of coaches showed the greatest difference between perceived and desired body image.
与啦啦队环境相关的社会因素与身体意象不满（BID）和饮食失调（ED）越来越相关。本研究考察了不同团队类型、队伍类型和位置的 ED 风险。另一个目的是确定服装类型（日常服装、露脐制服和全套制服）的 BID，以及同伴（MP 同伴）、家长（MP 家长）和教练（MP 教练）的元认知。女性啦啦队队员（n = 268）完成了一份在线调查，其中包括人口统计学信息、进食态度测试-26 项和致病行为问题。身体意象感知通过使用性别特异性 Figural Stimuli Silhouettes 进行评估。总体而言，34.4%的啦啦队队员（n = 268；平均年龄：17.9 ± 2.7 岁）表现出 ED 风险。与全明星啦啦队队员相比，大学啦啦队队员表现出明显更高的 ED 风险（p = 0.021）、节食分量表得分（p = 0.045）以及泻药、减肥药和利尿剂的使用（p = 0.008）。男女混合队与全女队相比，EAT-26 总分（p = 0.018）和口腔控制分量表（p = 0.002）的均值更高。服装类型的 BID 显示啦啦队队员希望在露脐选项中是最小的（<0.0001，η2 = 0.332）。元认知的 BID 显示啦啦队队员觉得教练希望他们最小（p < 0.001，η2 = 0.106）。啦啦队队员在任何级别都存在 ED 和 BID 的风险。关于露脐制服，从教练的角度来看，元认知显示出感知和期望身体形象之间最大的差异。
