Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Respir Care. 2011 Sep;56(9):1341-57; discussion 1357-9. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01442.
The mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is usually sufficient to achieve the therapeutic objective of supporting adequate gas exchange. Pediatric and neonatal patients have an assortment of physiologic conditions that may require adjunctive inhaled gases to treat the wide variety of diseases seen in this heterogeneous population. Inhaled nitric oxide, helium oxygen mixtures, inhaled anesthetics, hypercarbic mixtures, hypoxic mixtures, inhaled carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide have been used to alter physiology in an attempt to improve patient outcomes. Balancing the therapeutic potential, possible adverse effects, and the complexity of the technical aspects of gas delivery, it is essential that clinicians thoroughly understand the application of medical gas therapy beyond the traditional nitrogen/oxygen mixture.
氧气和氮气的混合物通常足以实现支持充分气体交换的治疗目标。儿科和新生儿患者有一系列生理状况，可能需要辅助吸入气体来治疗这个异质人群中出现的各种疾病。吸入一氧化氮、氦氧混合物、吸入麻醉剂、高碳酸混合物、低氧混合物、吸入一氧化碳和硫化氢已被用于改变生理机能，试图改善患者的预后。在平衡治疗潜力、可能的不良反应以及气体输送技术方面的复杂性时，临床医生必须彻底了解除传统氮/氧混合物之外的医疗气体治疗的应用。
