Centre for Investigative and Diagnostic Oncology, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Health and Social Sciences, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK.
Biomaterials. 2011 Dec;32(36):9776-84. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.018. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
We have explored the uptake of different hydrophilic mono- and dual-ligand gold nanoparticles in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and find that the rate of uptake is dependent on the structural organization of the ligands on the surface of the particles rather than their charge or chemical properties. Gold nanoparticles with 50%PEG-NH(2)/50% glucose are taken up eighteen fold faster than nanoparticles carrying only PEG-NH(2) or glucose. Glutathione-coated gold particles are by far the most efficiently internalized; however, glucose-glutathione dual-ligand nanoparticles are taken up at a thirty fold reduced rate. We found furthermore that the rates are influenced by the cell density and concentration of glucose in the growth medium. Rather than being internalized through a conventional receptor-mediated mechanism the particles appear to be taken up by the cells via an energy-independent diffusion across the cell membrane through pre-existing pores or openings in the lipid bi-layer created by ligands on the gold nanoparticles.
我们已经探索了不同亲水性单配体和双配体金纳米粒子在体外对结直肠癌细胞的摄取情况，发现摄取速率取决于粒子表面配体的结构组织，而与其电荷或化学性质无关。带有 50%PEG-NH(2)/50%葡萄糖的金纳米粒子的摄取速度比仅带有 PEG-NH(2)或葡萄糖的纳米粒子快十八倍。谷胱甘肽包覆的金纳米粒子的摄取效率最高；然而，葡萄糖-谷胱甘肽双配体纳米粒子的摄取速度则降低了三十倍。我们还发现，这些速度受到细胞密度和生长培养基中葡萄糖浓度的影响。这些粒子似乎不是通过传统的受体介导机制被内吞，而是通过能量非依赖性扩散穿过细胞膜，穿过由金纳米粒子上的配体在脂质双层中形成的预先存在的孔或开口进入细胞。
