National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
Cereb Cortex. 2012 Aug;22(8):1774-85. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr244. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
The ability to extract sequential regularities embedded in the temporal context or temporal structure of sensory events and to predict upcoming events based on the extracted sequential regularities plays a central role in human cognition. In the present study, we demonstrate that, without any intention, upcoming emotional faces can be predicted based on sequential regularities, by showing that prediction error responses as reflected by visual mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related brain potential (ERP) component, were evoked in response to emotional faces that violated a regular alternation pattern of 2 emotional faces (fearful and happy faces) under a situation where the emotional faces themselves were unrelated to the participant's task. Face-inversion and negative-bias effects in the visual MMN further indicated the involvement of holistic face representations. In addition, through successive source analyses of the visual MMN, it was revealed that the prediction error responses were composed of activations mainly in the face-responsible visual extrastriate areas and the prefrontal areas. The present results provide primary evidence for the existence of the unintentional temporal context-based prediction of biologically relevant visual stimuli as well as empirical support for the major engagement of the visual and prefrontal areas in unintentional temporal context-based prediction in vision.
提取嵌入在感觉事件的时间背景或时间结构中的序列规律，并基于提取的序列规律预测即将发生的事件，这在人类认知中起着核心作用。在本研究中，我们通过证明，即使没有任何意图，也可以根据序列规律预测即将出现的情绪面孔，从而表明在视觉失匹配负波（MMN）的反应中诱发了预测错误反应，这是一种事件相关的脑电位（ERP）成分，这些反应是对违反了 2 个情绪面孔（恐惧和快乐面孔）的规则交替模式的情绪面孔做出的反应，而在这种情况下，情绪面孔与参与者的任务无关。视觉 MMN 中的面孔反转和负偏差效应进一步表明了整体面孔表示的参与。此外，通过视觉 MMN 的连续源分析，揭示了预测错误反应主要由负责面孔的视觉外纹状区和前额叶区的激活组成。本研究结果为生物相关视觉刺激的非故意时间背景预测的存在提供了初步证据，也为视觉中无意时间背景预测中视觉和前额叶区的主要参与提供了经验支持。
