Czuba Thaddeus B, Rokers Bas, Guillet Kyle, Huk Alexander C, Cormack Lawrence K
Center for Perceptual Systems, Department of Psychology & Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0189, USA.
J Vis. 2011 Sep 26;11(10):18. doi: 10.1167/11.10.18.
Motion aftereffects are historically considered evidence for neuronal populations tuned to specific directions of motion. Despite a wealth of motion aftereffect studies investigating 2D (frontoparallel) motion mechanisms, there is a remarkable dearth of psychophysical evidence for neuronal populations selective for the direction of motion through depth (i.e., tuned to 3D motion). We compared the effects of prolonged viewing of unidirectional motion under dichoptic and monocular conditions and found large 3D motion aftereffects that could not be explained by simple inheritance of 2D monocular aftereffects. These results (1) demonstrate the existence of neurons tuned to 3D motion as distinct from monocular 2D mechanisms, (2) show that distinct 3D direction selectivity arises from both interocular velocity differences and changing disparities over time, and (3) provide a straightforward psychophysical tool for further probing 3D motion mechanisms.
运动后效在历史上被视为神经元群体针对特定运动方向进行调谐的证据。尽管有大量关于二维（额面平行）运动机制的运动后效研究，但对于通过深度方向的运动具有选择性的神经元群体，却显著缺乏心理物理学证据（即调谐至三维运动）。我们比较了双眼和单眼条件下长时间观看单向运动的效果，发现了无法用二维单眼后效的简单遗传来解释的大型三维运动后效。这些结果（1）证明了存在与单眼二维机制不同的调谐至三维运动的神经元，（2）表明不同的三维方向选择性源于双眼间速度差异和随时间变化的视差，（3）为进一步探究三维运动机制提供了一种直接的心理物理学工具。
