INSERM U989, Université Paris Descartes, Paris and INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;27(6):502-8. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32834bb82b.
Taking advantage of their rapid growth and capacity for continuous genetic adaptation, prokaryotes have colonized all possible ecological environments on earth, including the body surfaces of eukaryotes and their gastrointestinal tract. The mammalian gut contains a complex community of 10 bacteria with a meta-genome containing 1500-fold more genes than the human genome. The forces that control the relationships between eukaryotic hosts and their intestinal bacterial symbionts have, thus, become a major focus of interest.
Recent data have highlighted how the dialogue between mammalian hosts and their microbiota stimulates the postnatal maturation of an efficient intestinal barrier that promotes niche colonization by symbiotic bacteria and opposes colonization by pathogens. Herein, we review microbiota-induced T-cell responses and discuss how individual bacteria may shape the balance between regulatory and inflammatory responses. We will also show how host factors might influence the outcome of gut immune responses and affect the structure of the microbiota.
Deciphering host-microbiota reciprocal influence may not only help in understanding the recent outburst of intestinal inflammatory diseases but also point to strategies able to maintain or restore intestinal homeostasis.
利用其快速生长和持续遗传适应的能力，原核生物已经占领了地球上所有可能的生态环境，包括真核生物的体表及其胃肠道。哺乳动物的肠道中含有一个由 10 种细菌组成的复杂群落，其元基因组中的基因数量是人类基因组的 1500 倍。控制真核宿主与其肠道细菌共生体之间关系的力量因此成为一个主要的研究重点。
最近的数据强调了哺乳动物宿主与其微生物群之间的对话如何刺激有效的肠道屏障的出生后成熟，促进共生细菌的生态位定植，并抵抗病原体的定植。在此，我们综述了微生物群诱导的 T 细胞反应，并讨论了个别细菌如何塑造调节和炎症反应之间的平衡。我们还将展示宿主因素如何影响肠道免疫反应的结果，并影响微生物群的结构。
解析宿主-微生物群的相互影响不仅有助于理解最近肠道炎症性疾病的爆发，而且还为维持或恢复肠道内稳态提供了策略。
