Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 Mar;129(1-2):79-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.08.012. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
Fungal species are a very important source of many different enzymes, and the ability of fungi to transform steroids has been used for several decades in the production of compounds with a sterane skeleton. Here, we review the characterised and/or purified enzymes for steroid transformations, dividing them into two groups: (i) enzymes of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, including data for, e.g. ERG11 (14α-demethylase), ERG6 (C-24 methyltransferase), ERG5 (C-22 desaturase) and ERG4 (C-24 reductase); and (ii) the other steroid-transforming enzymes, including different hydroxylases (7α-, 11α-, 11β-, 14α-hydroxylase), oxidoreductases (5α-reductase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, C-1/C-2 dehydrogenase) and C-17-C-20 lyase. The substrate specificities of these enzymes, their cellular localisation, their association with protein super-families, and their potential applications are discussed. Article from a special issue on steroids and microorganisms.
真菌物种是许多不同酶的非常重要的来源，真菌转化甾体的能力在甾体骨架化合物的生产中已经使用了几十年。在这里，我们回顾了已鉴定和/或纯化的用于甾体转化的酶，将它们分为两类：(i) 麦角固醇生物合成途径中的酶，包括例如 ERG11（14α-脱甲基酶）、ERG6（C-24 甲基转移酶）、ERG5（C-22 去饱和酶）和 ERG4（C-24 还原酶）的数据；(ii) 其他甾体转化酶，包括不同的羟化酶（7α-、11α-、11β-、14α-羟化酶）、氧化还原酶（5α-还原酶、3β-羟甾醇脱氢酶/异构酶、17β-羟甾醇脱氢酶、C-1/C-2 脱氢酶）和 C-17-C-20 裂合酶。讨论了这些酶的底物特异性、细胞定位、与蛋白超家族的关联以及它们的潜在应用。该文章来自关于甾体和微生物的特刊。
