National Institute of Epidemiology (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ayapakkam, Chennai, India.
Int J Public Health. 2012 Feb;57(1):87-94. doi: 10.1007/s00038-011-0303-3. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
Hypertension is a major public health problem with prevalence ranging 22-30% in urban India. There are few data on hypertension epidemiology in rural India. We conducted a survey to estimate prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors for hypertension in a rural population in south India.
We did cross-sectional survey in 11 villages in Tamil Nadu. We collected data on behavioral risk factors, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. We defined hypertension according to WHO criteria.
Study population included 10,463 subjects aged 25-64 years. Among them, 4,900 (46.8%) were males. Hypertension was present for 2,247 (21.4%) subjects and 1,682 (74.9%) among hypertensives were newly detected. Overall 20% were on treatment and 6.6% had blood pressure control. Age ≥35 years, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m(2) and central obesity were risk factors significantly associated with hypertension (p < 0.05). In addition, alcohol consumption, higher education level were risk factor among males and family history of hypertension was risk factor among females (p < 0.05).
Hypertension is an emerging challenge in rural India. We need health promotion programs and reorientation of primary health care to improve hypertension detection and management.
高血压是一个主要的公共卫生问题，其在印度城市的患病率为 22-30%。关于印度农村地区高血压流行病学的数据很少。我们进行了一项调查，以评估印度南部农村人口的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率和危险因素。
我们在泰米尔纳德邦的 11 个村庄进行了横断面调查。我们收集了行为危险因素、人体测量和血压测量的数据。我们根据世界卫生组织的标准定义高血压。
研究人群包括年龄在 25-64 岁之间的 10463 名受试者。其中，4900 名（46.8%）为男性。2247 名（21.4%）受试者患有高血压，其中 1682 名（74.9%）为新发现的高血压患者。总体而言，20%的患者正在接受治疗，6.6%的患者血压得到控制。年龄≥35 岁、BMI≥23 kg/m(2)和中心性肥胖是与高血压显著相关的危险因素（p<0.05）。此外，男性中饮酒和较高的教育水平是危险因素，而女性中高血压家族史是危险因素（p<0.05）。
高血压是印度农村地区新出现的挑战。我们需要促进健康的计划和重新定位初级卫生保健，以改善高血压的检测和管理。
