Strutzberg-Minder Katrin, Kreienbrock Lothar
Gesellschaft für Innovative Veterinärdiagnostik mbH (IVD GmbH), Hannover.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2011 Sep-Oct;124(9-10):345-59.
Leptospirosis is a systemic disease affecting humans and animals, and pigs are generally considered the reservoir host species for the serovars Pomona, Bratislava and Tarrasovi. Endemic infections in swine herds generally remain subclinical, as do the vast majority of leptospire infections. However, when a susceptible breeding herd is infected for the first time or its immunity is compromised, considerable losses can occur due to abortion, stillbirths, weakly piglets or infertility. Infections in pigs caused by other serovars tend to occur only incidentally, vary regionally, and depend on other reservoir hosts, primarily rodents. Leptospires persist in porcine kidneys, and the Bratislava serovar, in the genital tract; it is excreted in urine and genital fluids. Leptospirosis is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with an infected animal. Fundamental research on porcine leptospirosis was conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. However, despite subsequent application of the most recent molecular biological methods, the pathogenesis of porcine leptospirosis is still largely unknown, and research results from the last 25 years on its incidence are very heterogeneous, due not only to regional differences but also to differences in the evaluation of diagnostic and population studies. Serological testing of pigs showed serovar prevalences ranging between as much as 16.3% (Pomona) and generally no more than 2.9% (Tarassovi), whereas antibodies against Bratislava were found in as many as 41.8% of pigs tested during the last 20 years, as in previous studies, indicating that this remains the most prevalent serovar.
钩端螺旋体病是一种影响人类和动物的全身性疾病，猪通常被认为是波摩那、布拉迪斯拉发和塔拉索维血清型的储存宿主物种。猪群中的地方性感染一般仍为亚临床感染，绝大多数钩端螺旋体感染也是如此。然而，当易感繁殖猪群首次感染或其免疫力受损时，可能会因流产、死产、弱仔猪或不育而造成相当大的损失。由其他血清型引起的猪感染往往只是偶然发生，因地区而异，并取决于其他储存宿主，主要是啮齿动物。钩端螺旋体在猪肾脏中持续存在，布拉迪斯拉发血清型则存在于生殖道中；它通过尿液和生殖液排出。钩端螺旋体病通过与受感染动物的直接或间接接触传播。关于猪钩端螺旋体病的基础研究在20世纪70年代和80年代进行。然而，尽管随后应用了最新的分子生物学方法，但猪钩端螺旋体病的发病机制仍 largely unknown，过去25年关于其发病率的研究结果非常不一致，这不仅是由于地区差异，还由于诊断和种群研究评估的差异。对猪的血清学检测显示，血清型患病率在高达16.3%（波摩那）至一般不超过2.9%（塔拉索维）之间，而在过去20年中，多达41.8%的检测猪中发现了针对布拉迪斯拉发的抗体，与先前研究一样，表明这仍然是最普遍的血清型。 （注：原文中“largely unknown”直译为“很大程度上未知”，这里意译为“仍不清楚”使表达更通顺；“Leptospires persist in porcine kidneys, and the Bratislava serovar, in the genital tract”原句结构较特殊，调整表述为“钩端螺旋体在猪肾脏中持续存在，布拉迪斯拉发血清型则存在于生殖道中”）
