Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1457, USA.
Cancer J. 2011 Sep-Oct;17(5):302-8. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0b013e318233e6b4.
To date, in lung cancer, early attempts to modulate the immune system via vaccine-based therapeutics have been unsuccessful. An improved understanding of tumor immunology has facilitated the production of more sophisticated lung cancer vaccines. It is anticipated that it will likely require multiple epitopes of a diverse set of genes restricted to multiple haplotypes to generate a truly effective vaccine that is able to overcome the various immunologic escape mechanisms that tumors employ. Other issues to overcome include optimal patient selection, which adjuvant agent to use, and how to adequately monitor for an immunologic response. This review discusses the most promising vaccination strategies for non-small cell lung cancer including the allogeneic tumor cell vaccine belagenpumatucel-L, which is a mixture of 4 allogeneic non-small cell lung cancer cell lines genetically modified to secrete an antisense oligonucleotide to transforming growth factor β2 and 3 other target protein-specific vaccines designed to induce responses against melanoma-associated antigen A3, mucin 1, and epidermal growth factor.
迄今为止，在肺癌中，早期通过基于疫苗的治疗来调节免疫系统的尝试并未成功。对肿瘤免疫学的深入了解促进了更复杂的肺癌疫苗的产生。预计可能需要多种多样化基因的多个表位，限制在多个单倍型内，才能产生一种真正有效的疫苗，从而克服肿瘤采用的各种免疫逃逸机制。其他需要克服的问题包括最佳患者选择、使用哪种佐剂以及如何充分监测免疫反应。本文综述了非小细胞肺癌最有前途的疫苗接种策略，包括异体肿瘤细胞疫苗 belagenpumatucel-L，它是由 4 种异体非小细胞肺癌细胞系组成的混合物，经过基因修饰后可分泌反义寡核苷酸转化生长因子β2 和 3 种其他靶向蛋白特异性疫苗，旨在诱导针对黑色素瘤相关抗原 A3、黏蛋白 1 和表皮生长因子的反应。
