Mogielnicka-Brzozowska M, Kordan W
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2011;14(3):489-99. doi: 10.2478/v10181-011-0074-z.
Understanding the biochemical processes associated with ovum fertilization and knowledge about the structure and function of individual substances participating in these processes is crucial for the development of biotechnological methods to improve reproduction of animals and humans. Among many components of seminal plasma, proteins and peptides play a specific role in regulation of the fertilization process, particularly through their ability to bind various types of ligands such as polysaccharides, lipids and ions. Heparin-binding proteins regulate capacitation and acrosome reaction processes. Affinity of plasma proteins to mannans of the fallopian tube epithelium facilitates formation of spermatozoa reservoirs in the female reproductive tract. Ability to bind phosphorylcholine is one of the conditions for the coating of the seminal plasma proteins on the sperm membrane and also determines the formation of oligomeric forms of certain proteins. Zinc binding by seminal plasma proteins regulates sperm chromatin condensation state. It also affects motility of these cells and acrosome reaction. The interspecies analysis indicates significant structural and functional similarities, especially for the proteins with low molecular weight. Fertility associated proteins (FAPs) have been determined in the bull, stallion, boar, ram and dog. The contents of these proteins correlate with the indicators of the fertilizing abilities of sperm. In humans, several seminal plasma proteins were found which serve as diagnostic markers of spermatogenesis, seminiferous epithelium state, and azoospermia. To determine the semen ability for preservation, measurement of some seminal plasma protein content may also be used. Addition of specific plasma proteins to a spermatozoa solution undergoing the process of preservation may be used to retain the features of the cells responsible for efficient fertilization.
了解与卵子受精相关的生化过程以及参与这些过程的单个物质的结构和功能知识，对于开发改善动物和人类繁殖的生物技术方法至关重要。在精浆的众多成分中，蛋白质和肽在受精过程的调节中发挥着特定作用，特别是通过它们结合各种类型配体（如多糖、脂质和离子）的能力。肝素结合蛋白调节获能和顶体反应过程。血浆蛋白与输卵管上皮甘露聚糖的亲和力有助于在雌性生殖道中形成精子储存库。结合磷酸胆碱的能力是精浆蛋白在精子膜上包被的条件之一，也决定了某些蛋白质寡聚体形式的形成。精浆蛋白与锌的结合调节精子染色质凝聚状态。它还影响这些细胞的运动性和顶体反应。种间分析表明存在显著的结构和功能相似性，尤其是对于低分子量的蛋白质。已在公牛、种马、公猪、公羊和狗中确定了与生育相关的蛋白质（FAPs）。这些蛋白质的含量与精子受精能力指标相关。在人类中，发现了几种精浆蛋白，它们可作为精子发生、生精上皮状态和无精子症的诊断标志物。为了确定精液的保存能力，也可以测量一些精浆蛋白的含量。在正在进行保存过程的精子溶液中添加特定的血浆蛋白，可用于保留负责高效受精的细胞特征。
