Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Nov;261 Suppl 2:S155-60. doi: 10.1007/s00406-011-0264-9. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
Attentional deficits are prominent in schizophrenia, affecting nearly all cognitive functions. Human attention comprises three essential components: alerting, orienting and executive control. For the assessment of these functions, the attention network test (ANT) has been proposed and used in healthy controls and patients. In schizophrenia, the ANT has revealed behavioral deficits; however, the corresponding neural correlates have not been examined. In the present study, neural correlates of attention were investigated in 17 schizophrenia patients and 17 healthy controls using the ANT with fMRI. Behavioral deficits emerged in the alertness system with a reduced efficiency for temporal cues. In fMRI, changes were observed for all three domains-alerting, orienting and conflict-and revealed hyper- as well as hypoactivation in patients. Affected regions during alerting comprised a broad fronto-temporo-parieto-occipito-cerebellar network, while differences during orienting mainly tapped fronto-parietal regions and during conflict processing a thalamo-frontal-temporal occipital network including the postcentral regions. In general, hyperactivations were positively correlated with more severe psychopathologial symptoms.
注意力缺陷在精神分裂症中很明显，几乎影响所有认知功能。人类注意力由三个基本组成部分：警觉、定向和执行控制。为了评估这些功能，提出了注意网络测试（ANT），并在健康对照和患者中使用。在精神分裂症中，ANT 揭示了行为缺陷；然而，相应的神经相关性尚未被研究。在本研究中，使用 fMRI 对 17 名精神分裂症患者和 17 名健康对照者进行了注意力的神经相关性研究。警觉系统的行为缺陷表现为对时间线索的效率降低。在 fMRI 中，观察到所有三个领域（警觉、定向和冲突）的变化，并显示出患者的过度激活和低激活。在警觉过程中受影响的区域包括广泛的额-颞-顶-枕-小脑网络，而在定向过程中主要涉及额顶区域，在冲突处理过程中涉及包括后中央区域的丘脑-额-颞-枕叶网络。一般来说，过度激活与更严重的精神病理症状呈正相关。
