School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Biotechnol Adv. 2012 Sep-Oct;30(5):1108-18. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.011. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Yeasts are widely used in production of recombinant proteins of medical or industrial interest. For each individual product, the most suitable expression system has to be identified and optimized, both on the genetic and fermentative level, by taking into account the properties of the product, the organism and the expression cassette. There is a wide range of important yeast expression hosts including the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces lactis, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica and Arxula adeninivorans, with various characteristics such as being thermo-tolerant or halo-tolerant, rapidly reaching high cell densities or utilizing unusual carbon sources. Several strains were also engineered to have further advantages, such as humanized glycosylation pathways or lack of proteases. Additionally, with a large variety of vectors, promoters and selection markers to choose from, combined with the accumulated knowledge on industrial-scale fermentation techniques and the current advances in the post-genomic technology, it is possible to design more cost-effective expression systems in order to meet the increasing demand for recombinant proteins and glycoproteins. In this review, the present status of the main and most promising yeast expression systems is discussed.
酵母被广泛应用于生产具有医学或工业用途的重组蛋白。对于每种特定的产品，都必须通过考虑产品特性、生物和表达载体，在遗传和发酵层面上确定和优化最合适的表达系统。目前有广泛的重要酵母表达宿主，包括酿酒酵母、巴斯德毕赤酵母、汉逊酵母、乳酸克鲁维酵母、粟酒裂殖酵母、解脂耶氏酵母和腺嘌呤缺陷型酒香酵母，它们具有不同的特性，例如耐热或耐盐、快速达到高细胞密度或利用不寻常的碳源。一些菌株也经过了工程改造，具有进一步的优势，例如人源化糖基化途径或缺乏蛋白酶。此外，由于有各种各样的载体、启动子和选择标记可供选择，再加上在工业规模发酵技术方面的知识积累和当前在后基因组技术方面的进展，因此有可能设计出更具成本效益的表达系统，以满足对重组蛋白和糖蛋白日益增长的需求。本文综述了主要且最有前途的酵母表达系统的现状。
