Gündüz Ergün Burcu, Hüccetoğulları Damla, Öztürk Sibel, Çelik Eda, Çalık Pınar
Biochemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1923:1-74. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9024-5_1.
Yeast was the first microorganism used by mankind for biotransformation of feedstock that laid the foundations of industrial biotechnology. Long historical use, vast amount of data, and experience paved the way for Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a first yeast cell factory, and still it is an important expression platform as being the production host for several large volume products. Continuing special needs of each targeted product and different requirements of bioprocess operations have led to identification of different yeast expression systems. Modern bioprocess engineering and advances in omics technology, i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, secretomics, and interactomics, allow the design of novel genetic tools with fine-tuned characteristics to be used for research and industrial applications. This chapter focuses on established and upcoming yeast expression platforms that have exceptional characteristics, such as the ability to utilize a broad range of carbon sources or remarkable resistance to various stress conditions. Besides the conventional yeast S. cerevisiae, established yeast expression systems including the methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha, the dimorphic yeasts Arxula adeninivorans and Yarrowia lipolytica, the lactose-utilizing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and upcoming yeast platforms, namely, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Candida utilis, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii, are compiled with special emphasis on their genetic toolbox for recombinant protein production.
酵母是人类最早用于原料生物转化的微生物，为工业生物技术奠定了基础。悠久的历史使用、大量的数据和经验为酿酒酵母成为首个酵母细胞工厂铺平了道路，并且它至今仍是一个重要的表达平台，作为几种大批量产品的生产宿主。针对每种目标产品的持续特殊需求以及生物工艺操作的不同要求，促使人们鉴定出不同的酵母表达系统。现代生物工艺工程以及组学技术（即基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、分泌组学和相互作用组学）的进展，使得能够设计出具有精细调控特性的新型遗传工具，用于研究和工业应用。本章重点介绍已建立和即将出现的具有特殊特性的酵母表达平台，例如能够利用广泛碳源的能力或对各种胁迫条件具有显著抗性。除了传统的酿酒酵母外，已建立的酵母表达系统包括甲基营养型酵母巴斯德毕赤酵母和多形汉逊酵母、二形酵母腺嘌呤营养型阿苏假丝酵母和解脂耶氏酵母、利用乳糖的酵母乳酸克鲁维酵母、裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母，以及即将出现的酵母平台，即马克斯克鲁维酵母、产朊假丝酵母和拜耳接合酵母，并特别强调了它们用于重组蛋白生产的遗传工具箱。
