Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Feb;40(2):398-407. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0404-4. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
Optical methods to detect breast cancer on the basis of its increased opacity have been explored for some time. These methods have matured to a point in which they are capable of quantifying the optical properties of breast tissue and translating them into measures of concentrations of relevant tissue components. In particular, near-infrared spectroscopy has been employed to determine the concentrations of hemoglobin, water, and lipids, as well as oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and optical scattering properties in normal and cancerous breast tissue. Dynamic optical measurements can also identify abnormal hemodynamic patterns associated with breast cancer. We review, in this article, a number of results in the field, which show that cancerous tissue is associated with higher hemoglobin and water concentrations, and a lower lipid concentration with respect to normal breast tissue. Indications that breast cancers are characterized by lower hemoglobin saturation and stronger scattering decay as a function of wavelength are less robust, with variable results reported in the literature. Intrinsic sources of optical contrast associated with breast cancer can also be used to monitor individual response to neoadjuvant therapy.
基于其增加的不透明度来检测乳腺癌的光学方法已经研究了一段时间。这些方法已经成熟到可以定量测量乳腺组织的光学特性，并将其转化为相关组织成分浓度的测量值。特别是，近红外光谱已被用于确定血红蛋白、水和脂质的浓度，以及血红蛋白的氧饱和度和正常和癌组织的光散射特性。动态光学测量还可以识别与乳腺癌相关的异常血液动力学模式。在本文中，我们回顾了该领域的一些研究结果，这些结果表明，与正常乳腺组织相比，癌组织的血红蛋白和水浓度更高，而脂质浓度更低。关于乳腺癌的血红蛋白饱和度较低且随波长变化的散射衰减较强的迹象不太可靠，文献中报告的结果也各不相同。与乳腺癌相关的固有光学对比源也可用于监测新辅助治疗的个体反应。
