Centre for the Built Enviironment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2011 Oct;35(5):451-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00760.x.
This study, in a region with relatively low industrial activity, used a highly specific marker for traffic emissions, accounted for the inherent fetal growth potential, and used complete record linkage of births, midwife notifications, deaths, hospital morbidity and birth defect records.
Clinical records were obtained for pregnancies between 2000 and 2006 in three areas of Perth, Western Australia (n=3,501). We used carbon monoxide as a marker for locally derived traffic emissions, and assessed exposure using the AusRoads dispersion model. Fetal growth was characterised by proportion of optimal birth weight and investigated using multivariate mixed-effects regression.
Exposure in the third trimester was associated with a -0.49% (sd=0.23%) change in proportion of optimal birth weight per 10 μg/m(3) increase in locally derived traffic emissions. However, this result was confined to one of the three study areas due to elevated exposure misclassification among women in the other two areas. Among this group, a neonate who would have otherwise attained an optimal birth weight of 3.5 kg would be expected to be born 58 g lighter for an interquartile increase in third trimester exposure, which was approximately half of the effect observed for maternal smoking during pregnancy.
We observed an association between maternal exposure to traffic emissions and reduced fetal growth. This effect was supported by sensitivity analyses but only observed in one of the three study areas. Further studies are required to corroborate our results.
本研究在工业活动相对较少的地区，使用交通排放的高度特异性标志物，考虑了胎儿生长的固有潜力，并完整记录了出生、助产士通知、死亡、医院发病率和出生缺陷记录的链接。
在西澳大利亚州珀斯的三个地区（n=3501），获取了 2000 年至 2006 年期间的妊娠临床记录。我们使用一氧化碳作为本地交通排放的标志物，并使用 AusRoads 分散模型评估暴露情况。胎儿生长的特征是最佳出生体重的比例，并使用多变量混合效应回归进行研究。
暴露于妊娠晚期与局部交通排放每增加 10μg/m3，最佳出生体重比例降低 0.49%（标准差为 0.23%）。然而，由于其他两个研究地区的女性暴露分类错误率较高，这一结果仅局限于三个研究地区之一。在这组女性中，原本预期能够达到 3.5 公斤最佳出生体重的新生儿，由于妊娠晚期暴露于交通排放的四分位间距增加，预计会轻 58 克，这一结果约为母亲怀孕期间吸烟影响的一半。
我们观察到母亲接触交通排放与胎儿生长减少之间存在关联。这一效应得到了敏感性分析的支持，但仅在三个研究地区之一中观察到。需要进一步的研究来证实我们的结果。
