Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Oct 7;60(39):1351-6.
Alcohol-impaired driving crashes account for nearly 11,000 crash fatalities, or about one third of all crash fatalities in the United States.
CDC analyzed data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey to obtain the prevalence, episodes, and rates of alcohol-impaired driving (defined as driving "when you've had perhaps too much to drink" in the past 30 days) among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years who responded to the survey by landline telephone.
In 2010, an estimated 4 million U.S. adult respondents reported at least one episode of alcohol-impaired driving, for an estimated total of approximately 112 million alcohol-impaired driving episodes or 479 episodes per 1,000 adult population. From a peak in 2006, such episodes decreased 30% through 2010. Men accounted for 81% of all episodes with young men aged 21--34 years accounting for 32% of all episodes. Additionally, 85% of alcohol-impaired driving episodes were reported by persons who also reported binge drinking, and the 4.5% of the adult population who reported binge drinking at least four times per month accounted for 55% of all alcohol-impaired driving episodes. Episode rates were nearly four times higher among persons who reported not always wearing seatbelts compared with persons who reported always wearing seatbelts.
Rates of self-reported alcohol-impaired driving have declined substantially in recent years. However, rates remain disproportionally high among young men, binge drinkers, and those who do not always wear a seat belt.
States and communities should continue current evidence-based strategies, such as sobriety checkpoints and enforcement of 0.08 g/dL blood alcohol concentration laws to deter the public from driving while impaired. Additionally, all states should consider requiring ignition interlocks on the vehicles of all persons convicted of alcohol-impaired driving. States without primary seatbelt laws should consider enacting them to reduce fatalities in alcohol-impaired driving crashes.
在美国，因酒后驾车导致的撞车事故造成近 11000 人死亡，约占所有撞车事故死亡人数的三分之一。
CDC 分析了 2010 年行为风险因素监测系统调查的数据，以获取美国 18 岁及以上成年人中酒后驾车（在过去 30 天内“喝多了酒”后开车）的流行率、发作率和发生率，这些成年人通过固定电话回答了调查。
2010 年，估计有 400 万美国成年受访者报告了至少一次酒后驾车发作，估计总共有大约 1.12 亿次酒后驾车发作，或每 1000 名成年人口中有 479 次发作。从 2006 年的高峰开始，此类发作在 2010 年减少了 30%。男性占所有发作的 81%，年龄在 21-34 岁的年轻男性占所有发作的 32%。此外，85%的酒后驾车发作是由报告 binge drinking 的人报告的，而报告每月 binge drinking 至少四次的成年人占所有酒后驾车发作的 55%。与报告不总是系安全带的人相比，报告不总是系安全带的人酒后驾车发作率几乎高出四倍。
近年来，自我报告的酒后驾车率大幅下降。然而，在年轻男性、 binge drinkers 和不总是系安全带的人中，这一比率仍然过高。
各州和社区应继续执行当前基于证据的策略，如 sobriety checkpoints 和执法 0.08 g/dL 血液酒精浓度法，以阻止公众酒后驾车。此外，所有州都应考虑在所有酒后驾车被判有罪的人所驾驶的车辆上安装点火联锁装置。没有主要安全带法的州应考虑制定这些法律，以减少酒后驾车撞车事故中的死亡人数。
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