Vaca Federico E, Li Kaigang, Haynie Denise L, Gao Xiang, Camenga Deepa R, Dziura James, Banz Barbara C, Curry Leslie A, Mayes Linda, Hosseinichimeh Niyousha, MacDonald Rod, Iannotti Ronald J, Simons-Morton Bruce
Department of Emergency Medicine, Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab), Yale University School of Medicine.
Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University.
J Transp Health. 2022 Mar;24. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2021.101303. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
For young drivers, independent transportation has been noted to offer them opportunities that can be beneficial as they enter early adulthood. However, those that choose to engage in riding with an impaired driver (RWI) and drive while impaired (DWI) over time can face negative consequences reducing such opportunities. This study examined the prospective association of identified longitudinal trajectory classes among adolescents that RWI and DWI with their later health, education, and employment in emerging adulthood.
We analyzed all seven annual assessments (Waves, W1-W7) of the NEXT Generation Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study starting with 10 grade (2009-2010 school year). Using all seven waves, trajectory classes were identified by latent class analysis with RWI (last 12 months) and DWI (last 30 days) dichotomized as ≥once = 1 vs. none = 0.
Four RWI trajectories and four DWI trajectories were identified: abstainer, escalator, decliner, and persister. For RWI and DWI trajectories respectively, 45.0% (N=647) and 76.2% (N=1,657) were abstainers, 15.6% (N=226) and 14.2% (N=337) were escalators, 25.0% (N=352) and 5.4% (N=99) were decliners, and 14.4% (N=197) and 3.8% (N=83) persisters. RWI trajectories were associated with W7 health status (χ=13,20, <.01) and education attainment (χ=18.37, <.01). Adolescent RWI abstainers reported better later health status than RWI escalators, decliners, and persisters; and decliners reported less favorable later education attainment than abstainers, escalators, and persisters. DWI trajectories showed no association with health status, education attainment, or employment.
Our findings suggest the importance of later health outcomes of adolescent RWI. The mixed findings point to the need for more detailed understanding of contextual and time-dependent trajectory outcomes among adolescents engaging in RWI and DWI.
对于年轻驾驶者而言，独立出行能为他们提供诸多机会，这些机会在他们步入成年早期时颇为有益。然而，那些长期选择与酒驾司机同乘（RWI）以及酒后驾车（DWI）的人，可能会面临负面后果，从而减少此类机会。本研究探讨了青少年中确定的RWI和DWI纵向轨迹类别与他们成年早期后期的健康、教育和就业之间的前瞻性关联。
我们分析了下一代健康研究的所有七次年度评估（波次，W1 - W7），这是一项具有全国代表性的纵向研究，始于10年级（2009 - 2010学年）。利用所有七次波次的数据，通过潜在类别分析确定轨迹类别，将RWI（过去12个月）和DWI（过去30天）二分法定义为≥一次 = 1，无 = 0。
确定了四条RWI轨迹和四条DWI轨迹：戒酒者、上升者、下降者和持续者。对于RWI和DWI轨迹，分别有45.0%（N = 647）和76.2%（N = 1,657）是戒酒者，15.6%（N = 226）和14.2%（N = 337）是上升者，25.0%（N = 352）和5.4%（N = 99）是下降者，14.4%（N = 197）和3.8%（N = 83）是持续者。RWI轨迹与W7健康状况（χ = 13.20，<.01）和教育程度（χ = 18.37，<.01）相关。青少年RWI戒酒者报告的后期健康状况比RWI上升者、下降者和持续者更好；下降者报告的后期教育程度不如戒酒者、上升者和持续者。DWI轨迹与健康状况、教育程度或就业无关。
我们的研究结果表明青少年RWI对后期健康结果的重要性。这些混合结果表明需要更详细地了解参与RWI和DWI的青少年的背景和时间依赖性轨迹结果。
