KWR, Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
J Water Health. 2011 Sep;9(3):434-42. doi: 10.2166/wh.2011.019.
The role of the water cycle in spreading human pathogenic influenza viruses is poorly studied and is not considered to be significant. However, gastrointestinal symptoms developed in a large proportion of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infected people during the pandemic in 2009 and fecal shedding was reported. This fecal route could potentially play a role in the entry of human pathogenic influenza viruses in to the water cycle. Monitoring of influenza viruses in sewage and surface water during the pandemic in 2009 showed that influenza A viruses were detected in sewage and surface water. However, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was not detected. These findings imply that the water cycle did not play a relevant role in spreading the pandemic influenza virus during the epidemic in the Netherlands in 2009. Analyses of deliberately contaminated water samples confirmed the ability of quantitative RT-PCR to detect influenza viruses in sewage samples whereas the analysis of large volumes of surface water was strongly hampered by the presence of PCR-inhibiting substances.
水圈在传播人类致病性流感病毒方面的作用研究甚少，且被认为并不重要。然而，在 2009 年大流行期间，相当大比例的甲型 H1N1 流感病毒感染者出现了胃肠道症状，并报告了粪便排出。这种粪便途径可能在人类致病性流感病毒进入水圈中发挥作用。在 2009 年大流行期间对污水和地表水进行的流感病毒监测显示，污水和地表水中检测到了甲型流感病毒。但是，未检测到甲型 H1N1 2009 流感大流行病毒。这些发现表明，在 2009 年荷兰的疫情中，水圈在传播大流行流感病毒方面没有发挥相关作用。对故意污染的水样的分析证实了定量 RT-PCR 检测污水样本中流感病毒的能力，而对大量地表水的分析则受到存在 PCR 抑制物质的严重阻碍。
