Department of Kinesiology, Robert Kertzer Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Nov;25(11):2971-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318212dd0e.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship that age has on factors affecting running economy (RE) in competitive distance runners. Fifty-one male and female subelite distance runners (Young [Y]: 18-39 years [n = 18]; Master [M]: 40-59 years [n = 22]; and Older [O]: 60-older [n = 11]) were measured for RE, step rate, lactate threshold (LT), VO2max, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, power, and body composition. An RE test was conducted at 4 different velocities (161, 188, 215, and 241 m·min(-1)), with subjects running for 5 minutes at each velocity. The steady-state VO2max during the last minute of each stage was recorded and plotted vs. speed, and a regression equation was formulated. A 1 × 3 analysis of variance revealed no differences in the slopes of the RE regression lines among age groups (y = 0.1827x - 0.2974; R2 = 0.9511 [Y]; y = 0.1988x - 1.0416; R2 = 0.9697 [M]; y = 0.1727x + 3.0252; R2 = 0.9618 [O]). The VO2max was significantly lower in the O group compared to in the Y and M groups (Y = 64.1 ± 3.2; M = 56.8 ± 2.7; O = 44.4 ± 1.7 mlO2·kg(-1)·min(-1)). The maximal heart rate and velocity @ LT were significantly different among all age groups (Y = 197 ± 4; M = 183 ± 2; O = 170 ± 6 b·min(-1) and Y = 289.7 ± 27.0; M = 251.5 ± 32.9; O = 212.3 ± 24.6 m·min(-1), respectively). The VO2max @ LT was significantly lower in the O group compared to in the Y and M groups (Y = 50.3 ± 2.0; M = 48.8 ± 2.9; O = 34.9 ± 3.2 mlO2·kg(-1)·min(-1)). The O group was significantly lower than in the Y and M groups in flexibility, power, and upper body strength. Multiple regression analyses showed that strength and power were significantly related to running velocity. The results from this cross-sectional analysis suggest that age-related declines in running performance are associated with declines in maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory variables and declines in strength and power, not because of declines in running economy.
这项研究的目的是探讨年龄对竞技长跑运动员跑步经济性（RE）相关因素的影响。51 名男性和女性次精英长跑运动员（青年[Y]：18-39 岁[n=18]；中年[M]：40-59 岁[n=22]；老年[O]：60 岁以上[n=11]）进行了 RE、步频、乳酸阈（LT）、最大摄氧量（VO2max）、肌肉力量和耐力、柔韧性、力量和身体成分的测试。在 4 个不同速度（161、188、215 和 241 m·min(-1)）进行了 RE 测试，每个速度下让受试者跑 5 分钟。记录了每个阶段最后 1 分钟的稳态 VO2max，并绘制了与速度的关系图，然后制定了回归方程。1×3 方差分析显示，年龄组之间的 RE 回归线斜率没有差异（y=0.1827x-0.2974；R2=0.9511 [Y]；y=0.1988x-1.0416；R2=0.9697 [M]；y=0.1727x+3.0252；R2=0.9618 [O]）。与 Y 组和 M 组相比，O 组的 VO2max 显著较低（Y=64.1±3.2；M=56.8±2.7；O=44.4±1.7 mlO2·kg(-1)·min(-1)）。最大心率和 LT 时的速度在所有年龄组之间均有显著差异（Y=197±4；M=183±2；O=170±6 b·min(-1)和 Y=289.7±27.0；M=251.5±32.9；O=212.3±24.6 m·min(-1)）。与 Y 组和 M 组相比，O 组的 VO2max@LT 显著较低（Y=50.3±2.0；M=48.8±2.9；O=34.9±3.2 mlO2·kg(-1)·min(-1)）。O 组在柔韧性、力量和上半身力量方面明显低于 Y 组和 M 组。多元回归分析表明，力量和功率与跑步速度显著相关。这项横断面分析的结果表明，与年龄相关的跑步表现下降与最大和次最大心肺变量的下降以及力量和功率的下降有关，而不是与跑步经济性的下降有关。
