Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Oct 10;11(11):762-74. doi: 10.1038/nri3070.
Monocytes originate from progenitors in the bone marrow and traffic via the bloodstream to peripheral tissues. During both homeostasis and inflammation, circulating monocytes leave the bloodstream and migrate into tissues where, following conditioning by local growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and microbial products, they differentiate into macrophage or dendritic cell populations. Recruitment of monocytes is essential for effective control and clearance of viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections, but recruited monocytes also contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. The mechanisms that control monocyte trafficking under homeostatic, infectious and inflammatory conditions are being unravelled and are the focus of this Review.
单核细胞起源于骨髓中的祖细胞，并通过血液循环迁移到外周组织。在稳态和炎症期间，循环单核细胞离开血液循环并迁移到组织中，在那里，在局部生长因子、促炎细胞因子和微生物产物的调节下，它们分化为巨噬细胞或树突状细胞群体。单核细胞的募集对于有效控制和清除病毒、细菌、真菌和原生动物感染至关重要，但募集的单核细胞也有助于炎症和退行性疾病的发病机制。控制稳态、感染和炎症条件下单核细胞迁移的机制正在被揭示，这也是本综述的重点。
