Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Immunity. 2018 Oct 16;49(4):595-613. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.005.
Novel experimental approaches such as fate-mapping and single-cell analysis have brought fresh insight into monocyte development and function over the past decade and helped redefine the monocyte field. Monocytes are now known to consist of multiple subsets generated through distinct developmental pathways with diverse functional specializations. Their fates under homeostatic conditions include the accumulation in peripheral reservoirs and the engraftment into certain resident macrophage pools. Under pathological conditions, monocytes acquire inflammatory effector functions, but can also develop regulatory properties essential for tissue repair. Importantly, monocytes recruited during inflammation are often functionally distinct from resident macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. Here we outline emerging concepts in monocyte heterogeneity, emergency monopoiesis, and trained immunity and discuss how these bring new perspectives to monocyte research.
在过去的十年中，新型实验方法，如命运图谱和单细胞分析，为单核细胞的发育和功能带来了新的认识，并帮助重新定义了单核细胞领域。现在已知单核细胞由通过不同发育途径产生的多个亚群组成，具有不同的功能特化。在稳态条件下，它们的命运包括在外周储存库中的积累和植入到某些常驻巨噬细胞池中。在病理条件下，单核细胞获得炎症效应功能，但也可以发展出对组织修复至关重要的调节特性。重要的是，在炎症过程中募集的单核细胞在功能上通常与常驻巨噬细胞或传统树突状细胞不同。在这里，我们概述了单核细胞异质性、应急性单核细胞生成和训练免疫的新观点，并讨论了这些观点如何为单核细胞研究带来新的视角。
