Fendrihan Sergiu, Legat Andrea, Pfaffenhuemer Marion, Gruber Claudia, Weidler Gerhard, Gerbl Friedrich, Stan-Lotter Helga
Department of Microbiology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol. 2006 Aug;5(2-3):203-218. doi: 10.1007/s11157-006-0007-y.
Halophilic archaebacteria (haloarchaea) thrive in environments with salt concentrations approaching saturation, such as natural brines, the Dead Sea, alkaline salt lakes and marine solar salterns; they have also been isolated from rock salt of great geological age (195-250 million years). An overview of their taxonomy, including novel isolates from rock salt, is presented here; in addition, some of their unique characteristics and physiological adaptations to environments of low water activity are reviewed. The issue of extreme long-term microbial survival is considered and its implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. The development of detection methods for subterranean haloarchaea, which might also be applicable to samples from future missions to space, is presented.
嗜盐古细菌（嗜盐古菌）在盐浓度接近饱和的环境中茁壮成长，如天然卤水、死海、碱性盐湖和海洋太阳盐场；它们也已从地质年代久远（1.95 - 2.5亿年）的岩盐中分离出来。本文概述了它们的分类学，包括从岩盐中分离出的新菌株；此外，还综述了它们的一些独特特征以及对低水分活度环境的生理适应性。探讨了极端长期微生物存活的问题及其对寻找外星生命的意义。介绍了地下嗜盐古菌检测方法的发展，这些方法可能也适用于未来太空任务采集的样本。
