Rekadwad Bhagwan Narayan, Li Wen-Jun, Gonzalez Juan M, Punchappady Devasya Rekha, Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath Arun, Urana Ruchi, Parwez Khalid
Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India.
National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), DBT-National Centre for Cell Science (DBT-NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India.
3 Biotech. 2023 Sep;13(9):316. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03733-6. Epub 2023 Aug 25.
Extremophiles possess unique cellular and molecular mechanisms to assist, tolerate, and sustain their lives in extreme habitats. These habitats are dominated by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters that shape existing microbial communities and their cellular and genomic features. The diversity of extremophiles reflects a long list of adaptations over millions of years. Growing research on extremophiles has considerably uncovered and increased our understanding of life and its limits on our planet. Many extremophiles have been greatly explored for their application in various industrial processes. In this review, we focused on the characteristics that microorganisms have acquired to optimally thrive in extreme environments. We have discussed cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in stability at respective extreme conditions like thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, barophiles, etc., which highlight evolutionary aspects and the significance of extremophiles for the benefit of mankind.
极端微生物拥有独特的细胞和分子机制，以在极端环境中辅助、耐受并维持其生命。这些环境由一个或多个极端的物理或化学参数主导，这些参数塑造了现有的微生物群落及其细胞和基因组特征。极端微生物的多样性反映了数百万年来的一系列适应过程。对极端微生物的研究不断增加，极大地揭示并增进了我们对地球上生命及其极限的理解。许多极端微生物已被广泛探索其在各种工业过程中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于微生物为在极端环境中最佳地繁衍生息而获得的特性。我们讨论了嗜热菌、嗜冷菌、嗜酸菌、嗜压菌等在各自极端条件下涉及稳定性的细胞和分子机制，这些机制突出了进化方面以及极端微生物对人类的重要意义。
