Reiter R, Haase S, Brosch S
Univ.-Klinik Ulm, HNO, Sektion Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Ulm.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2012 Feb;91(2):84-95. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1285886. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects in humans with a prevalence of 1:700. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate or isolated cleft palate show an incomplete separation of the oral cavity and the nasal space without any additional malformations. Beside complete cleft palate also submucous celft palates exist that are hidden below the intact mucosa. The aetiology of celfts is a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Orofacial clefts cause many complications like feeding, speech and hearing problems needing a team of head and neck surgeons, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, phoniatricians and speech therapist for treatment. Often a genetic counselling is made for estimating the risk for the relatives.
口面部裂隙是人类最常见的出生缺陷之一，患病率为1:700。非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂或孤立性腭裂表现为口腔与鼻腔空间未完全分离，且无任何其他畸形。除了完全腭裂外，还存在黏膜下腭裂，其隐藏在完整黏膜之下。腭裂的病因是环境因素和遗传因素之间的复杂相互作用。口面部裂隙会引发许多并发症，如喂养、言语和听力问题，需要头颈外科医生、口腔颌面外科医生、语音治疗师和言语治疗师组成的团队进行治疗。通常会进行遗传咨询以评估亲属的风险。
