Wantia Nina, Rettinger Gerhard
ENT Department, Univeristy of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Facial Plast Surg. 2002 Aug;18(3):147-53. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-33061.
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital malformations. Epidemiology differentiates between cleft malformations connected with syndromes and the more common nonsyndromic forms not associated with other deformities. Although many syndromes with cleft lip with or without cleft palate are known, the majority of orofacial clefts are of the nonsyndromic form. These are known to be of multifactorial origin, with both environmental and genetic factors in their etiology, most of which remain to be fully investigated. Recent literature reveals that wide ethnical and racial variations in the occurrence of cleft lip and/or palate exist. The purpose of this overview is to show the current standing of research in this field. Genetics, environmental factors, and morphogenesis of the primary and secondary palate in normal development and cleft malformations are especially emphasized.
唇裂伴或不伴腭裂是最常见的先天性畸形之一。流行病学将与综合征相关的腭裂畸形和更常见的与其他畸形无关的非综合征形式区分开来。虽然已知许多伴有唇裂伴或不伴腭裂的综合征，但大多数口腔颌面部裂隙属于非综合征形式。已知这些是多因素起源的，其病因既有环境因素也有遗传因素，其中大多数仍有待充分研究。最近的文献表明，唇裂和/或腭裂的发生率存在广泛的种族和民族差异。本综述的目的是展示该领域的当前研究现状。特别强调了正常发育和腭裂畸形中初级和次级腭的遗传学、环境因素和形态发生。
