Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Blood. 2011 Dec 1;118(23):6183-91. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-363580. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Understanding platelet biology has been aided by studies of mice with mutations in key megakaryocytic transcription factors. We have shown that point mutations in the GATA1 cofactor FOG1 that disrupt binding to the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex have erythroid and megakaryocyte lineages defects. Mice that are homozygous for a FOG1 point mutation (ki/ki), which ablates FOG1-NuRD interactions, have platelets that display a gray platelet syndrome (GPS)-like macrothrombocytopenia. These platelets have few α-granules and an increased number of lysosomal-like vacuoles on electron microscopy, reminiscent of the platelet in patients with GATA1-related X-linked GPS. Here we further characterized the platelet defect in ki/ki mice. We found markedly deficient levels of P-selectin protein limited to megakaryocytes and platelets. Other α-granule proteins were expressed at normal levels and were appropriately localized to α-granule-like structures. Treatment of ki/ki platelets with thrombin failed to stimulate Akt phosphorylation, resulting in poor granule secretion and platelet aggregation. These studies show that disruption of the GATA1/FOG1/NuRD transcriptional system results in a complex, pleiotropic platelet defect beyond GPS-like macrothrombocytopenia and suggest that this transcriptional complex regulates not only megakaryopoiesis but also α-granule generation and signaling pathways required for granule secretion.
研究表明,关键巨核细胞转录因子发生突变的小鼠有助于理解血小板生物学。我们已经表明,与核小体重塑和去乙酰化酶(NuRD)复合物结合的 GATA1 辅助因子 FOG1 的点突变会导致红系和巨核细胞谱系缺陷。FOG1 点突变(ki/ki)纯合子的小鼠(完全敲除 FOG1-NuRD 相互作用)的血小板表现出类似灰色血小板综合征(GPS)的巨血小板减少症。这些血小板α-颗粒较少,电子显微镜下溶酶体样空泡数量增加,与 GATA1 相关的 X 连锁 GPS 患者的血小板相似。在这里,我们进一步表征了 ki/ki 小鼠的血小板缺陷。我们发现 P-选择素蛋白的水平明显缺乏,仅限于巨核细胞和血小板。其他α-颗粒蛋白的表达水平正常,并适当定位于α-颗粒样结构。用凝血酶处理 ki/ki 血小板不能刺激 Akt 磷酸化,导致颗粒分泌和血小板聚集不良。这些研究表明,GATA1/FOG1/NuRD 转录系统的破坏导致复杂的、多效性的血小板缺陷,不仅仅是 GPS 样的巨血小板减少症,并表明该转录复合物不仅调节巨核细胞生成,还调节α-颗粒生成和颗粒分泌所需的信号通路。