Megahed M A, Ghareeb F, Kishk T, El-Barah A, Abou-Gereda H, El-Fol H, El-Sisy A, Omran A M
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Al-Nahrain College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.
Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2008 Dec 31;21(4):192-8.
Inhalation injury greatly increases the incidence of respiratory failure and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is also the cause of most early deaths in burn victims. The aim of our research was to study the incidence, early diagnosis, complications, and management of inhalation injury and to discuss the relation between inhalation injury and death in burn patients.This study included 130 burn patients with inhalation injury admitted to Menoufiya University Hospital Burn Center, Egypt, from January 2004 to April 2008 (61 males and 69 females). We found that the presence of inhalation injury, increasing burn size, and advancing age were all associated with increased mortality (p < 0.01). The incidence of inhalation injury in our study was 46.3% (130 patients were identified as having inhalation injury out of 281). The overall mortality for patients with inhalation injury was 41.5% (54 patients out of 130) compared with 7.2% (11 patients out of 151) for patients without inhalation injury. These statistical data make it clear that inhalation injury is an important factor for the prediction of mortality in burn patients. Approximately 80% of fire-related deaths are due not to the burn injury to the airway but to the inhalation of toxic products, especially carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide gases. Inhalation injury is generally caused by thermal burns, mostly confined to the upper airways.Major airway, pulmonary, and systemic complications may occur in cases of inhalation injury and thus increase the incidence of burn patient mortality.
吸入性损伤显著增加了呼吸衰竭和急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发生率。它也是烧伤患者早期死亡的主要原因。我们研究的目的是探讨吸入性损伤的发生率、早期诊断、并发症及治疗方法，并讨论吸入性损伤与烧伤患者死亡之间的关系。本研究纳入了2004年1月至2008年4月在埃及曼努菲亚大学医院烧伤中心收治的130例伴有吸入性损伤的烧伤患者（男61例，女69例）。我们发现，存在吸入性损伤、烧伤面积增加和年龄增长均与死亡率增加相关（p<0.01）。在我们的研究中，吸入性损伤的发生率为46.3%（281例患者中有130例被确诊为有吸入性损伤）。伴有吸入性损伤患者的总死亡率为41.5%（130例中有54例），而无吸入性损伤患者的死亡率为7.2%（151例中有11例）。这些统计数据清楚地表明，吸入性损伤是预测烧伤患者死亡率的一个重要因素。约80%与火灾相关的死亡并非由于气道烧伤，而是由于吸入有毒物质，尤其是一氧化碳和氰化氢气体。吸入性损伤通常由热烧伤引起，主要局限于上呼吸道。吸入性损伤病例可能会出现严重的气道、肺部和全身并发症，从而增加烧伤患者的死亡率。
