Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025737. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
Complete pedigree information is a prerequisite for modern breeding and the ranking of parents and offspring for selection and deployment decisions. DNA fingerprinting and pedigree reconstruction can substitute for artificial matings, by allowing parentage delineation of naturally produced offspring. Here, we report on the efficacy of a breeding concept called "Breeding without Breeding" (BwB) that circumvents artificial matings, focusing instead on a subset of randomly sampled, maternally known but paternally unknown offspring to delineate their paternal parentage. We then generate the information needed to rank those offspring and their paternal parents, using a combination of complete (full-sib: FS) and incomplete (half-sib: HS) analyses of the constructed pedigrees. Using a random sample of wind-pollinated offspring from 15 females (seed donors), growing in a 41-parent western larch population, BwB is evaluated and compared to two commonly used testing methods that rely on either incomplete (maternal half-sib, open-pollinated: OP) or complete (FS) pedigree designs. BwB produced results superior to those from the incomplete design and virtually identical to those from the complete pedigree methods. The combined use of complete and incomplete pedigree information permitted evaluating all parents, both maternal and paternal, as well as all offspring, a result that could not have been accomplished with either the OP or FS methods alone. We also discuss the optimum experimental setting, in terms of the proportion of fingerprinted offspring, the size of the assembled maternal and paternal half-sib families, the role of external gene flow, and selfing, as well as the number of parents that could be realistically tested with BwB.
完整的系谱信息是现代育种的前提，也是对父母和后代进行选择和部署决策的排名依据。DNA 指纹图谱和系谱重建可以替代人工交配，通过对自然产生的后代进行亲子关系鉴定。在这里，我们报告了一种名为“无交配育种”（BwB）的育种概念的有效性，该概念绕过了人工交配，而是专注于随机抽样的、母系已知但父系未知的一组后代，以确定其父亲的亲子关系。然后，我们使用构建的系谱的完全（全同胞：FS）和不完全（半同胞：HS）分析的组合，生成对这些后代及其父系进行排名所需的信息。使用来自 15 个雌性（种子供体）的风授粉后代的随机样本，在 41 个亲本西部落叶松群体中生长，评估和比较 BwB 与两种常用的测试方法，这两种方法都依赖于不完全（母系半同胞，开放授粉：OP）或完全（FS）系谱设计。BwB 产生的结果优于不完全设计的结果，几乎与完全系谱方法的结果相同。完整和不完全系谱信息的组合使用允许评估所有父母，包括母系和父系，以及所有后代，这是仅使用 OP 或 FS 方法无法完成的结果。我们还讨论了最佳实验设置，包括指纹后代的比例、组装的母系和父系半同胞家族的大小、外部基因流和自交的作用，以及可以用 BwB 进行实际测试的父母数量。
