Viral Mutation Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Viral Recombination Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Viruses. 2011 Sep;3(9):1650-1680. doi: 10.3390/v3091650. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
With constantly changing environmental selection pressures, retroviruses rely upon recombination to reassort polymorphisms in their genomes and increase genetic diversity, which improves the chances for the survival of their population. Recombination occurs during DNA synthesis, whereby reverse transcriptase undergoes template switching events between the two copackaged RNAs, resulting in a viral recombinant with portions of the genetic information from each parental RNA. This review summarizes our current understanding of the factors and mechanisms influencing retroviral recombination, fidelity of the recombination process, and evaluates the subsequent viral diversity and fitness of the progeny recombinant. Specifically, the high mutation rates and high recombination frequencies of HIV-1 will be analyzed for their roles in influencing HIV-1 global diversity, as well as HIV-1 diagnosis, drug treatment, and vaccine development.
随着环境选择压力的不断变化，逆转录病毒依靠重组来重新分配其基因组中的多态性，从而增加遗传多样性，提高其种群的生存机会。重组发生在 DNA 合成过程中，逆转录酶在两个共包装的 RNA 之间发生模板转换事件，导致病毒重组体具有来自每个亲本 RNA 的部分遗传信息。这篇综述总结了我们对影响逆转录病毒重组的因素和机制、重组过程的保真度以及评估后代重组体的病毒多样性和适应性的理解。具体来说，将分析 HIV-1 的高突变率和高重组频率在影响 HIV-1 全球多样性以及 HIV-1 诊断、药物治疗和疫苗开发中的作用。
