Hall Joanne M, Powell Jill
College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Nurs Res Pract. 2011;2011:293837. doi: 10.1155/2011/293837. Epub 2011 May 4.
Mental health nurses need to know their clients at depth, and to comprehend their social contexts in order to provide holistic care. Knowing persons through their stories, narratives they tell, provides contextual detail and person-revealing characteristics that make them individuals. Narratives are an everyday means of communicating experience, and there is a place for storytelling in nearly all cultures. Thus narrative is a culturally congruent way to ascertain and understand experiences. This means the nurse should ask questions such as "How did that come about?" versus why questions. A narrative approach stands in contrast to a yes/no algorithmic process in conversing with clients. Eliciting stories illustrates the social context of events, and implicitly provides answers to questions of feeling and meaning. Here we include background on narrative, insights from narrative research, and clinical wisdom in explaining how narratively understanding the person can improve mental health nursing services. Implications for theory, practice, and research are discussed.
精神科护士需要深入了解他们的患者，并理解他们的社会背景，以便提供全面的护理。通过患者讲述的故事和叙述来了解他们，能提供背景细节和揭示个人特征，使他们成为独特的个体。叙述是传达经历的日常方式，几乎在所有文化中都有讲故事的一席之地。因此，叙述是一种符合文化习惯的方式来确定和理解经历。这意味着护士应该问诸如“那件事是怎么发生的？”之类的问题，而不是问“为什么”的问题。叙事方法与在与患者交谈时采用的是/否算法过程形成对比。引出故事能说明事件的社会背景，并含蓄地提供对感受和意义问题的答案。在此，我们介绍叙事的背景、叙事研究的见解以及临床智慧，以解释如何通过叙事理解患者来改善精神科护理服务。还将讨论其对理论、实践和研究的启示。
