Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA.
Cells Tissues Organs. 2012;195(1-2):94-107. doi: 10.1159/000331398. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Tissue and organ viability depends on the proper systemic distribution of cells, nutrients, and oxygen through blood vessel networks. These networks arise in part via angiogenic sprouting. Vessel sprouting involves the precise coordination of several endothelial cell processes including cell-cell communication, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we discuss zebrafish and mammalian models of blood vessel sprouting and the quantification methods used to assess vessel sprouting and network formation in these models. We also review the mechanisms involved in angiogenic sprouting, and we propose that the process consists of distinct stages. Sprout initiation involves endothelial cell interactions with neighboring cells and the environment to establish a specialized tip cell responsible for leading the emerging sprout. Furthermore, local sprout guidance cues that spatially regulate this outward migration are discussed. We also examine subsequent events, such as sprout fusion and lumenization, that lead to maturation of a nascent sprout into a patent blood vessel.
组织和器官的存活依赖于细胞、营养物质和氧气通过血管网络在全身的正常分布。这些网络的形成部分依赖于血管生成性发芽。血管发芽涉及到几个内皮细胞过程的精确协调，包括细胞间通讯、细胞迁移和增殖。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了斑马鱼和哺乳动物的血管发芽模型，以及用于评估这些模型中血管发芽和网络形成的定量方法。我们还综述了血管生成性发芽所涉及的机制，并提出该过程包括不同的阶段。发芽起始涉及内皮细胞与邻近细胞和环境的相互作用，以建立一个专门的尖端细胞，负责引导新发芽的生长。此外，还讨论了局部发芽导向线索，这些线索在空间上调节了这种向外迁移。我们还检查了随后的事件，如发芽融合和管腔化，这些事件导致新生发芽成熟为有功能的血管。
