Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Physiology (Bethesda). 2011 Oct;26(5):326-33. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2011.
Blood vessel networks expand to meet oxygen demands via sprouting angiogenesis. This process is heterogeneous but not random; as sprouts form and extend, neighboring endothelial cells do not sprout but divide. Sprouting is regulated by local sprout guidance cues produced by the vessels themselves, as well as extrinsic cues. Endothelial cells in developing vessels orient in several axes to establish migratory polarity, apical-basolateral polarity, and planar cell polarity. Although little is known about how polarity axes are set up or maintained, they are important for vessel formation and function. This review focuses on the current knowledge of how blood vessel sprouting is regulated and guided, the role of endothelial cell polarity in forming vessels, and how these processes affect vessel function and are potentially perturbed in pathologies with vascular components.
血管网络通过发芽血管生成来扩张以满足氧气需求。这个过程是不均匀的，但不是随机的；随着芽的形成和延伸，相邻的内皮细胞不会发芽而是分裂。发芽受到由血管自身产生的局部芽引导线索以及外在线索的调节。发育中的血管中的内皮细胞在几个轴向上定向，以建立迁移极性、顶端-基底极性和平行细胞极性。尽管对于极性轴的建立或维持知之甚少，但它们对于血管形成和功能很重要。这篇综述重点介绍了血管发芽如何受到调节和引导的最新知识，内皮细胞极性在形成血管中的作用，以及这些过程如何影响血管功能，以及在具有血管成分的病理中如何受到潜在干扰。
