The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, USA.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012 Jan;32(1):45-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00876.x. Epub 2011 Oct 15.
To determine which, if any, vision variables are associated with moderate bilateral hearing loss in an elderly population.
Four hundred and forty-six subjects completed a hearing screening in conjunction with measurements on a variety of vision tests including high contrast acuity, low contrast acuity measured under a variety of lighting conditions, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and colour vision. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between various vision variables and hearing impairment while controlling for demographic and other co-morbid conditions.
In this sample of older adults with a mean age of 79.9 years, 5.4% of individuals were moderately visually impaired (binocular high contrast VA worse than 0.54 logMAR, Snellen equivalent 6/21 or 20/70) and 12.8% were moderately bilaterally hearing impaired (hearing none of the 40 dB tones at 500, 2000 or 4000 Hz in either ear). Three measures of low contrast acuity, but not high contrast acuity or other vision measures, were significantly associated with hearing loss when controlling for age, cataract surgery history, glaucoma history and self reported stroke, all of which were significantly associated with hearing loss, although the association of glaucoma with hearing loss was negative.
Poorer vision for low contrast targets was associated with an increased risk of hearing impairment in older adults. Audiologists and optometrists should enquire about the other sense in cases in which a deficit is measured as individuals with dual sensory loss are at a marked disadvantage in daily life.
确定在老年人群体中，哪些（如果有的话）视觉变量与中度双侧听力损失相关。
446 名受试者在进行听力筛查的同时，还接受了各种视觉测试的测量，包括高对比度视力、在各种光照条件下测量的低对比度视力、对比敏感度、立体视和色觉。逻辑回归分析用于评估各种视觉变量与听力障碍之间的关系，同时控制人口统计学和其他合并症条件。
在这个平均年龄为 79.9 岁的老年受试者样本中，5.4%的个体存在中度视力障碍（双眼高对比度视力低于 0.54 logMAR，Snellen 等价物为 6/21 或 20/70），12.8%的个体存在中度双侧听力障碍（双耳均听不到 500、2000 或 4000 Hz 处的 40 dB 音调）。在控制年龄、白内障手术史、青光眼史和自我报告的中风后，三种低对比度视力测量方法与听力损失显著相关，而不是高对比度视力或其他视力测量方法，尽管青光眼与听力损失之间的关联是负相关。
低对比度目标的视力较差与老年人听力障碍的风险增加相关。在测量出缺陷的情况下，听力学家和验光师应该询问另一种感觉，因为患有双重感觉损失的个体在日常生活中处于明显的劣势。
