Medical Research Center, 1st Teaching Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Nov;23(12):1087-99. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834a14d9.
In the first part of this review, some behavioural and environmental risk factors playing important roles in the development of Kazakh's oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were presented. Although all individuals have been exposed to the same environment and share the same behaviour, some of them will not develop OSCC. Thus, gene susceptibility and/or gene polymorphism are unavoidably involved. The molecular events underlying the initiation and progression of OSCC remain, however, poorly understood. In the second part of our review of OSCC in northwestern China, especially in the high-risk Kazakh population, some recent progress in the study of the molecular biology underlying oesophageal carcinogenesis, including chromosome deletions and loss of heterozygocity, polymorphisms of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolizing and DNA repair, and genetic alterations of transcriptional factors and apoptosis genes are presented. Results obtained in this high-risk population are compared with those obtained in other areas that are also known to be at high risk for OSCC, and whenever possible, with those studies performed in European, American or Australian low-risk areas. Recent advances in the investigation of the proteomics and microRNA biomarkers potentially useful for an earlier diagnosis and/or prognosis of OSCC are also discussed.
在本综述的第一部分，介绍了一些在哈萨克族食管鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）发展中起重要作用的行为和环境危险因素。尽管所有个体都暴露在相同的环境中，并具有相同的行为，但并非所有人都会发展为 OSCC。因此，基因易感性和/或基因多态性不可避免地会涉及其中。然而，OSCC 起始和进展的分子事件仍知之甚少。在我们对中国西北地区，特别是高危哈萨克人群 OSCC 的综述的第二部分中，介绍了食管癌变分子生物学研究的一些最新进展，包括染色体缺失和杂合性丢失、参与外源物代谢和 DNA 修复的基因多态性、转录因子和凋亡基因的遗传改变。在高危人群中获得的结果与其他已知 OSCC 高危地区的结果进行了比较，并在可能的情况下，与在欧洲、美国或澳大利亚低危地区进行的研究进行了比较。还讨论了用于 OSCC 早期诊断和/或预后的蛋白质组学和 microRNA 生物标志物的最新研究进展。
