Azevedo e Silva Gulnar, Valente Joaquim Gonçalves, Malta Deborah Carvalho
Department of Epidemiology at Instituto de Medicina Social of Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011 Sep;14 Suppl 1:103-14.
The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of tobacco use and smoking cessation, and the intensity of cigarettes per day from 2006 to 2009 in the Brazilian state capitals. Data were analyzed for 18-year-old individuals or older who were interviewed by the Telephone-based Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases (VIGITEL), which was performed in the Brazilian State capitals and the Federal District in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. For each year and large areas, age-adjusted prevalence and prevalence according to age groups (18 to 29, 30 to 59 and 60 and older) stratified by sex were calculated. Smoking cessation index was assessed and, for current smokers, the proportion of those who reported smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day was estimated according to gender and age group (18 to 39 and 40 and over). The results show a slight tendency to the reduction of tobacco use among men and stability for women, except for residents from the North and Northeast Regions. In general, the greatest prevalence among men is in younger groups; while amongst women, it is in the intermediary age group (30 to 59 years old). Smoking cessation seems to be slightly higher among men; there is a strong reverse relation between tobacco use and schooling. The proportion of 20 or more cigarettes per day is higher among older people and varies in Brazilian Regions. Results point out the need to prioritize strategies for tobacco control that can reach young individuals and women at low-education level.
本研究的目的是分析2006年至2009年巴西各州首府的烟草使用和戒烟趋势，以及每日吸烟量。对18岁及以上通过慢性病风险与保护因素电话监测（VIGITEL）接受访谈的个体数据进行分析，该监测于2006年、2007年、2008年和2009年在巴西各州首府和联邦区开展。针对每年以及各大区域，计算按性别分层的年龄调整患病率以及各年龄组（18至29岁、30至59岁和60岁及以上）的患病率。评估戒烟指数，对于当前吸烟者，按性别和年龄组（18至39岁和40岁及以上）估计报告每日吸烟20支或更多的吸烟者比例。结果显示，除北部和东北部地区居民外，男性烟草使用呈轻微下降趋势，女性则保持稳定。总体而言，男性中患病率最高的是较年轻群体；而女性中，患病率最高的是中年年龄组（30至59岁）。男性戒烟率似乎略高；烟草使用与受教育程度之间存在强烈的反向关系。老年人中每日吸20支或更多香烟的比例较高，且在巴西各地区有所不同。结果指出需要优先制定能够覆盖年轻个体和低教育水平女性的烟草控制策略。
