Conde Ana, Teves Cláudia, Figueiredo Bárbara
Unidade Maternidade de Júlio Dinis, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):241-8. Epub 2011 May 20.
Empirical studies have shown that fetal growth and activity can be affected by several risk factors, such as maternal anxiety, depression and tobacco or alcohol consumption. Caffeine intake has received less attention in the literature, as well as the analysis of the mutual interplay of the range of such risk factors. This study aimed to examine effects of mother's coffee intake and associated risk factors during early pregnancy on fetal growth and activity. The sample involved 47 fetuses (51.1% male and 48.9% female) with gestational ages between 20-22 weeks whose mothers were recruited in a Portuguese antenatal obstetric unit. Repeated measures of mother's anxiety (STAI-S) and depression (EPDS) and information about socio-demographics and substances consumption were collected during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Fetal activity and biometry were measured during the 2(nd) trimester ultrasound. Results showed that 1) 23.4% of the pregnant women (N = 11) had regular coffee intake; 2) no significant differences were found neither on fetal growth nor on fetal movements considering mother's coffee intake; 3) when mother's socio-demographics and substances consumption were considered, tobacco consumption and anxiety at the 2(nd) trimester appeared as significant predictors of fetal growth and mother's coffee intake and anxiety symptoms at the 2(nd) trimester emerged as significant predictors of fetal movements. An adverse impact of maternal coffee intake during pregnancy was found on fetal activity but not on fetal growth. A deeper understanding of the multiple pathways by which these risk factors affect fetal growth and activity is needed.
实证研究表明，胎儿的生长和活动会受到多种风险因素的影响，如母亲的焦虑、抑郁以及吸烟或饮酒。咖啡因摄入量在文献中受到的关注较少，这些风险因素之间的相互作用分析也较少。本研究旨在探讨孕早期母亲咖啡摄入量及相关风险因素对胎儿生长和活动的影响。样本包括47例胎儿（男51.1%，女48.9%），其母亲在葡萄牙一家产前产科单位招募，孕周为20 - 22周。在妊娠的前三个月和第二个三个月收集母亲焦虑（状态 - 特质焦虑量表 - 状态量表，STAI - S）和抑郁（爱丁堡产后抑郁量表，EPDS）的重复测量数据以及社会人口统计学和物质消费信息。在孕中期超声检查时测量胎儿活动和生物测量数据。结果显示：1）23.4%的孕妇（N = 11）有规律的咖啡摄入量；2）考虑母亲的咖啡摄入量，在胎儿生长和胎动方面均未发现显著差异；3）当考虑母亲的社会人口统计学和物质消费情况时，孕中期的吸烟和焦虑是胎儿生长的显著预测因素，孕中期母亲的咖啡摄入量和焦虑症状是胎儿胎动的显著预测因素。研究发现孕期母亲摄入咖啡对胎儿活动有不利影响，但对胎儿生长没有影响。需要更深入地了解这些风险因素影响胎儿生长和活动的多种途径。
