ProBiomechanics LLC, 265 Warrington Rd., Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jan;40(1):160-74. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0384-4. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Linear impact tests were conducted on 17 modern football helmets. The helmets were placed on the Hybrid III head with the neck attached to a sliding table. The head was instrumented with an array of 3-2-2-2 accelerometers to determine translational acceleration, rotational acceleration, and HIC. Twenty-three (23) different impacts were conducted on four identical helmets of each model at eight sites on the shell and facemask, four speeds (5.5, 7.4, 9.3, and 11.2 m/s) and two temperatures (22.2 and 37.8 °C). There were 1,850 tests in total; 276 established the 1990 s helmet performance (baseline) and 1,564 were on the 17 different helmet models. Differences from the 1990 s baseline were evaluated using the Student t test (p < 0.05 as significant). Four of the helmets had significantly lower HICs and head accelerations than the 1990 s baseline with average reductions of 14.6-21.9% in HIC, 7.3-14.0% in translational acceleration, and 8.4-15.9% in rotational acceleration. Four other helmets showed some improvements. Eight were not statistically different from the 1990 s baseline and one had significantly poorer performance. Of the 17 helmet models, four provided a significant reduction in head responses compared to 1990 s helmets.
对 17 款现代足球头盔进行了线性冲击测试。头盔安装在 Hybrid III 头部模型上，颈部连接在滑动台上。头部模型上安装了一组 3-2-2-2 型加速度计，以确定平移加速度、旋转加速度和 HIC。在四个相同型号的头盔的八个部位和面罩部位进行了 23 次不同的冲击测试，冲击速度分别为 5.5、7.4、9.3 和 11.2 m/s，温度分别为 22.2 和 37.8°C。总共进行了 1850 次测试；276 次测试确立了 20 世纪 90 年代的头盔性能（基线），1564 次测试针对 17 种不同的头盔模型。使用学生 t 检验（p<0.05 为显著差异）评估与 20 世纪 90 年代基线的差异。有 4 款头盔的 HIC 和头部加速度明显低于 20 世纪 90 年代的基线，HIC 平均降低了 14.6-21.9%，平移加速度降低了 7.3-14.0%，旋转加速度降低了 8.4-15.9%。另外 4 款头盔表现出一些改进。有 8 款头盔与 20 世纪 90 年代的基线没有统计学差异，有 1 款头盔的性能明显较差。在 17 款头盔模型中，有 4 款头盔与 20 世纪 90 年代的头盔相比，显著降低了头部响应。
