Matthew A. Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, 2207 Stallings-Evans Sports Medicine Complex, Campus Box 8700, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jan;40(1):141-9. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0405-3. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
The age at which young hockey players should safely body check is unknown. We sought to determine if playing position (defensemen vs. forwards), event type (practice vs. game), or head impact location (top vs. back vs. front vs. sides) had an effect on head impact biomechanics in youth hockey. A total of 52 Bantam (13-14 years old) and Midget (15-16 years old) ice hockey players wore accelerometer-instrumented helmets for two seasons. Biomechanical data were captured for 12,253 head impacts during 151 games and 137 practices. Random intercepts general mixed linear models were employed to analyze differences in linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and HITsp by player position, event type, and head impact location. Head impacts sustained during games resulted in greater rotational acceleration and HITsp than those sustained during practices. No event type or playing position differences in linear acceleration were observed. Impacts to the top of the head resulted in greater linear acceleration, but lower rotational acceleration and HITsp, than impacts to back, front, or side of the head. Side head impacts yielded greater rotational acceleration and HITsp compared to the other head impact locations. Since linear and rotational accelerations were observed in all impacts, future hockey helmet design standards should include rotational acceleration limits in addition to the current linear acceleration standards.
青少年曲棍球运动员安全进行身体冲撞的年龄尚不清楚。我们试图确定在青少年曲棍球中，球员位置（后卫与前锋）、赛事类型（练习赛与比赛）或头部撞击位置（顶部、背面、正面或侧面）是否会对头部撞击生物力学产生影响。共有 52 名 Bantam（13-14 岁）和 Midget（15-16 岁）冰球运动员在两个赛季中佩戴了带加速计的头盔。在 151 场比赛和 137 次练习中，共采集了 12253 次头部撞击的生物力学数据。采用随机截距广义混合线性模型分析了球员位置、赛事类型和头部撞击位置对线性加速度、旋转加速度和 HITsp 的影响。比赛中发生的头部撞击产生的旋转加速度和 HITsp 大于练习中发生的撞击。线性加速度在不同的赛事类型和球员位置之间没有差异。与撞击头部背面、正面或侧面相比，撞击头顶会产生更大的线性加速度，但旋转加速度和 HITsp 较低。与其他头部撞击位置相比，侧面撞击会产生更大的旋转加速度和 HITsp。由于所有撞击都观察到了线性和旋转加速度，因此未来的曲棍球头盔设计标准除了当前的线性加速度标准外，还应包括旋转加速度限制。
