EUROCAT Central Registry, Institute of Nursing Research/School of Nursing, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Oct 20;11:819. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-819.
An important component of the policy to deal with the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 was to develop and implement vaccination. Since pregnant women were found to be at particular risk of severe morbidity and mortality, the World Health Organization and the European Centers for Disease Control advised vaccinating pregnant women, regardless of trimester of pregnancy. This study reports a survey of vaccination policies for pregnant women in European countries.
Questionnaires were sent to European competent authorities of 27 countries via the European Medicines Agency and to leaders of registries of European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies in 21 countries.
Replies were received for 24 out of 32 European countries of which 20 had an official pandemic vaccination policy. These 20 countries all had a policy targeting pregnant women. For two of the four countries without official pandemic vaccination policies, some vaccination of pregnant women took place. In 12 out of 20 countries the policy was to vaccinate only second and third trimester pregnant women and in 8 out of 20 countries the policy was to vaccinate pregnant women regardless of trimester of pregnancy. Seven different vaccines were used for pregnant women, of which four contained adjuvants. Few countries had mechanisms to monitor the number of vaccinations given specifically to pregnant women over time. Vaccination uptake varied.
Differences in pandemic vaccination policy and practice might relate to variation in perception of vaccine efficacy and safety, operational issues related to vaccine manufacturing and procurement, and vaccination campaign systems. Increased monitoring of pandemic influenza vaccine coverage of pregnant women is recommended to enable evaluation of the vaccine safety in pregnancy and pandemic vaccination campaign effectiveness.
2009 年应对 H1N1 大流行的政策的一个重要组成部分是开发和实施疫苗接种。由于孕妇被发现有特别严重的发病率和死亡率的风险，世界卫生组织和欧洲疾病预防控制中心建议对孕妇进行接种，无论怀孕的哪个阶段。本研究报告了对欧洲国家孕妇疫苗接种政策的调查。
通过欧洲药品管理局向 27 个欧洲国家的欧洲主管当局以及 21 个欧洲先天畸形监测登记处的领导人发送了调查问卷。
在 32 个欧洲国家中的 24 个国家中收到了回复，其中 20 个国家有官方的大流行疫苗接种政策。这 20 个国家都有针对孕妇的政策。对于没有官方大流行疫苗接种政策的四个国家中的两个，对孕妇进行了一些疫苗接种。在 20 个国家中有 12 个国家的政策是只对第二和第三孕期的孕妇进行接种，而在 20 个国家中有 8 个国家的政策是对孕妇无论怀孕阶段都进行接种。有 7 种不同的疫苗用于孕妇，其中 4 种含有佐剂。很少有国家有机制来监测随着时间的推移专门给孕妇接种的疫苗数量。疫苗接种率各不相同。
大流行疫苗接种政策和实践的差异可能与对疫苗效力和安全性的看法、与疫苗制造和采购相关的操作问题以及疫苗接种运动系统的差异有关。建议加强对大流行性流感疫苗对孕妇的覆盖率的监测，以评估妊娠期间疫苗的安全性和大流行疫苗接种运动的有效性。
